Prevalence and predictors of depression, anxiety and stress among frontline healthcare workers at COVID-19 isolation sites in Gaborone, Botswana

Siamisang, Keatlaretse; Kebadiretse, Dineo; Tjirare, Lynn Tuisiree; Muyela, Charles; Gare, Kebayaone; Masupe, Tiny

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0273052

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Another review showed that social stigma was a predisposing risk factor for the development of burnout among intensive care nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic [38]. Other studies also showed a significant association between stigma and depression, anxiety and psychological distress in COVID-19 HCWs [24,25,39]. Poor mental wellbeing negatively impacts job performance and therewith quality of care [8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respected but stigmatized: Healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients

Spruijt,

Cronin,

Udeorji

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Background Healthcare workers (HCWs) caring for Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients are at increased risk of being stigmatized, which compromises their individual mental well-being and the quality of care they deliver. Stigma-reduction interventions may (partly) prevent this. However, there is a lack of in-depth understanding of the experiences and underlying causes of COVID-19 stigma among HCWs, which is needed to design such interventions. We conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews to assess COVID-19 stigma among COVID-19 HCWs in Ireland, Nigeria, The Netherlands, Pakistan, and The Philippines. Methods We used a purposive and snowball sampling to recruit a total of 53 HCWs for online interviews (13 in Ireland; 15 in Nigeria; 6 in The Netherlands; 6 in Pakistan; and 13 in The Philippines (2021). After verbatim transcribing interviews, we used a thematic approach for data analysis. Results In all countries, stigmatization of COVID-19 HCWs is driven by fear of infection and the perception of HCWs being carriers of the disease amplified by them wearing of scrubs and personal protective equipment. There were differences between countries in the way stigma manifested in self- anticipated and experienced stigma like scolding, discrimination, avoidance, (self-) isolation, and exclusion in public, in the community, at work, and in the household. The stigma resulted in feelings of depression, loneliness, isolation, and the desire to quit one’s job. Discussion COVID-19 HCWs from all countries experienced all forms of stigmatization related to their work as a COVID-19 frontliner. This affected their mental well-being, which in turn affects job performance and quality of care, there is a high need to develop stigma reduction tools for HCWs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respected but stigmatized: Healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients

Spruijt,

Cronin,

Udeorji

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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“…According to Shah J et al, onehalf of HCWs (53.6%) in Kenya tested positive for depression, with the majority suffering from moderate depression (8). Further studies undertaken among HCWs in Botswana, Uganda, and Sudan using the DASS-21, found 21%, 40.3% and 75% prevalence of depression, respectively (16)(17)(18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depressive Symptoms and its Associated Factors among Health Care Workers in Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Ethiopia

Tesema,

Woldeamanue,

Mekonen

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: Depression is a mental disorder that presents with a depressed mood, loss of pleasure or interest, decrease in energy, feeling of guilt or low self-worth, disturbed sleep, loss of appetite, and poor-concentration. Healthcare professionals are more susceptible to depression because they face higher amounts of professional stress in their job and academic lives. However, there is limited knowledge regarding health professionals’ level of depressive disorder in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of depression and associated factors among health professionals, at Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: We conducted an institution-based cross-sectional study among 439 randomly selected health care worker using interviewer-administered patient health questionnaire-9 from April to May 2023. Ordinal logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of depressive disorder. Result : The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms among health care workers was 56.5% (95% CI (51.8% ,61.1%)). There were reports of mild (35%), moderate (13%) and severe (9%) depression, respectively. Marital status of being single (AOR=7.78, 95%CI: 1.123, 49.01), history of childhood abuse (AOR=2.57, 95%CI:1.49, 4.42), history of suicidal attempt (AOR=2.66, 95%CI:1.25,5.67), having history of stressful life event (AOR=1.527, 95%CI: 1.02,2.3), back pain over the past 30 days (AOR=2, 95%CI: 1.30,3.11), working for more than 8 hours (AOR=3.03, 95%CI: 1.12,8.24), and having experience of 5-10 year (AOR=4, 95%CI: 1.05,15.27) and 10-15 years (AOR= 4.24, 95%CI: 1.08,16.58) and poor social support (AOR= 2.09, 95%CI: 1.09,3.99) were statistically associated with increased level of depressive disorder. Conclusion : Healthcare professionals’ higher rate of depression was due to the higher work load, childhood abuse, history of stressful life, back pain, and poor social support. Thus, the hospital or ministry of health should give special attention to health care workers who has high work load, childhood abuse, history of stressful life, back pain, and poor social support to reduce the burden of depressive disorder among health professionals. Furthermore, early depression screening and treatment in hospitals is needed.

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Mental health status and related factors influencing healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Huang

Sun

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: The mental health of healthcare workers during the coronavirus-2019 pandemic was seriously affected, and the risk of mental health problems was high. The present study sought to systematically evaluate the mental health problems of healthcare workers worldwide during the pandemic and to determine the latest global frequency of COVID-19 associated mental health problems. Methods: Data in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), EMBASE, Elsevier, MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO and the Web of Science before November 11, 2022, were systematically searched. Cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies were included. The meta-analysis used a random effects model to synthesize the comprehensive prevalence rate of mental health problems. Subgroup analyses were performed based on time of data collection; whether the country was or was not developed; continent; doctors and nurses; doctors/nurses vs. other healthcare workers; and psychological evaluation scale. Results: A total of 161 studies were included, including 341,014 healthcare workers worldwide, with women accounting for 82.8%. Occupationally, 16.2% of the healthcare workers were doctors, 63.6% were nurses and 13.3% were other medical staff. During the pandemic, 47% (95% confidence interval [CI], 35-60%) of healthcare workers reported job burnout, 38% (95% CI, 35-41%) experienced anxiety, 34% (95% CI 30-38%) reported depression, 30% (95% CI, 29-31%) had acute stress disorder, and 26% (95% CI, 21-31%) had post-traumatic stress disorder. Conclusions: The study found that there were common mental health problems among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The most common was job burnout, followed by anxiety, depression, acute stress and post-traumatic stress disorder. Although the global pandemic has been brought under control, its long-term impact on the mental health of healthcare workers cannot be ignored. Additional research is required to develop measures to prevent, monitor and treat psychological disorders among healthcare workers.

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Prevalence and predictors of depression, anxiety and stress among frontline healthcare workers at COVID-19 isolation sites in Gaborone, Botswana

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

Respected but stigmatized: Healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients

Respected but stigmatized: Healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients

Depressive Symptoms and its Associated Factors among Health Care Workers in Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Ethiopia

Mental health status and related factors influencing healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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