Prevalence and predictors of bacterial vaginosis in HIV-infected women in Maharashtra, India

Joshi, Smita; Mane, Arati; Muwonge, Richard; Divate, Uma; Padbidri, Vikram; Kulkarni, Vinay; Gangakhedkar, Raman; Sankaranarayanan, Rengaswamy

doi:10.1177/0956462419878333

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…HIV positive women co-infected with HPV are 2.3 times more likely to have BV and BVAB1, BVAB 2 and BVAB 3 are indicators of BV in these women [21,22]. We report a Despite an observation of A. vaginae and G. vaginalis in over 80% of Mexican women, there was no association to HPV infection; authors concluded that these bacteria might be part of the normal microbiome [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

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BV associated bacteria specifically BVAB 1 and BVAB 3 as biomarkers for HPV risk and progression of cervical neoplasia

Naidoo

Abbai

Tinarwo

et al. 2022

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Background. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is associated with high-risk HPV (hrHPV) genotypes. There is a proposed bidirectional relationship between hrHPV and vaginal microbial diversity. This study investigated the association between BV associated bacteria in women co-infected with Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hrHPV. Methods. Stored cervical cytobrush samples were used for real time PCR detection of eight BV associated bacteria. Analysis of BV bacteria detected against HPV infection, socio-demographics and HIV data were conducted in R Statistical computing software of the R Core Team, 2020, version 3.6.3. Results. A total of 190 samples were analysed. A. vaginae (p <0.001) BVAB 1 (p <0.001), BVAB 2 (p =0.428), BVAB 3 (p <0.001), Lactobacillus species (p =0.016) and S. sanguinegens (p =0.007) were associated with prevalent hrHPV. Increasing CIN severity was independently associated with detection of BVAB 1 OR 1.51(95% CI: 0.42-5.55), BVAB 3 OR 2.72(95% CI:0.90-8.55) and S. sanguinegens OR 1.02(95% CI:0.37-2.80). All HPV genotypes/groups, gravida <2, A. vaginae (p =0.002) and BVAB 1 (p =0.026) were significantly associated with HPV persistence. BVAB 3, p =0.010 and HPV 16 were significantly associated with HPV reinfection. Conclusion. There is a significant association of A. vaginae, BVAB 1, BVAB 3, S. sanguinegens and Lactobacillus spp to prevalent hrHPV. BVAB 1, BVAB 3 and S. sanguinegens had an increased odds for increasing CIN severity. A vaginae, BVAB 1, gravida and all the HPV genotypes/groups were significantly associated with HPV persistence. Only BVAB 3 and HPV 16 were significantly associated with hrHPV reinfection at 1 year review. BVAB 1 and BVAB 3 are possible biomarkers for HPV infection and CIN progression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…HIV positive women co-infected with HPV are 2.3 times more likely to have BV and BVAB1, BVAB 2 and BVAB 3 are indicators of BV in these women [ 21 , 22 ]. We report a statistically significant association of BVAB 1 and 3 and an increased detection of BVAB 2 in women co-infected with HPV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BV associated bacteria specifically BVAB 1 and BVAB 3 as biomarkers for HPV risk and progression of cervical neoplasia

Naidoo

Abbai

Tinarwo

et al. 2022

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology

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“…In Uganda, compared with the frequency of HIV-1 in women with normal vaginal flora (14.2%), a markedly elevated frequency (26.7%) was observed in women with severe BV (Nugent scores 9-10) (Ledru et al, 1997). Similarly, a study on HIV-infected Indian women showed the elevated risk of BV in HIV-infected and HPV-positive women and the high prevalence of BV among women infected with HIV (Joshi et al, 2020). Women with HIV -BV + , HIV -BV -, HIV + BV -, and HIV + BV + were compared in terms of microbiota of the lower genital tract, and results showed that HIV infection was linked to increased diversity (Spear et al, 2008).…”

Section: Sexually Transmitted Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Female Vaginal Microbiome in Health and Bacterial Vaginosis

Chen

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

186

118

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The vaginal microbiome is an intricate and dynamic microecosystem that constantly undergoes fluctuations during the female menstrual cycle and the woman’s entire life. A healthy vaginal microbiome is dominated by Lactobacillus which produce various antimicrobial compounds. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is characterized by the loss or sharp decline in the total number of Lactobacillus and a corresponding marked increase in the concentration of anaerobic microbes. BV is a highly prevalent disorder of the vaginal microbiota among women of reproductive age globally. BV is confirmed to be associated with adverse gynecologic and obstetric outcomes, such as sexually transmitted infections, pelvic inflammatory disease, and preterm birth. Gardnerella vaginalis is the most common microorganism identified from BV. It is the predominant microbe in polymicrobial biofilms that could shelter G. vaginalis and other BV-associated microbes from adverse host environments. Many efforts have been made to increase our understanding of the vaginal microbiome in health and BV. Thus, improved novel and accurate diagnosis and therapeutic strategies for BV have been developed. This review covers the features of vaginal microbiome, BV, BV-associated diseases, and various strategies of diagnosis and treatment of BV, with an emphasis on recent research progresses.

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“…1). Table 1 shows that of 13 eligible studies, eight were cross-sectional studies, 22,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46] three were cohort studies, [47][48][49] one was a nested case-control study 50 and one was a randomised controlled trial. 51 Three studies were from the USA, [47][48][49] three were from Italy, 22,45,46 and one study from each of the UK, 41 Kenya, 40 South Africa, 50 Brazil, 51 Greece, 44 China 43 and India.…”

Section: Study Selection and Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…51 Three studies were from the USA, [47][48][49] three were from Italy, 22,45,46 and one study from each of the UK, 41 Kenya, 40 South Africa, 50 Brazil, 51 Greece, 44 China 43 and India. 42 The populations included were ethnically diverse, including Afro-Caribbean, 41 Asian 46 , Caucasian, 22,41,51 Central West African 46 , East European 46 , Han Chinese, 43 Hellenic, 44 Hispanic or Latina, 47,49 Indian subcontinent, 41 Italian, 46 Non-Hispanic African American, 49 Non-Hispanic Black, 47 Non-Hispanic White, 47,49 North African, 46 South American 46 and West European. 46 Four studies recruited participants from gynaecological clinics or inpatient gynaecological wards, 41,44,45,51 two were from community screening programs (cervical screening, employment screening), 22,43 three were from HIV-positive populations, 40,42,50 one was a population cohort, 48 two were community-based cohorts 47,…”

Section: Study Selection and Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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Bacterial vaginosis (BV), the most common cause of vaginal discharge in women of reproductive age, is associated with considerable reproductive and gynaecological sequelae and increases the risk of acquiring sexually transmissible infections including HIV. Although we understand the burden of BV in women of reproductive age, much less is known about the burden of BV in postmenopausal women. We undertook this systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of BV in postmenopausal women. The electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library were searched for English-language papers reporting on the prevalence of BV in postmenopausal women and published up until the end of July 2020. Search terms included: (prevalence OR survey OR proportion) AND ‘bacterial vaginosis’. Meta-analysis was used to calculate pooled estimates of prevalence. We identified 2461 unique references and assessed 328 full-text articles for eligibility, with 13 studies included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of BV ranged from 2.0 to 57.1%, with a summary estimate of 16.93% (95% CI: 8.5–27.4; I2 = 97.9). There was considerable heterogeneity between studies and quality varied considerably. Further research is needed to provide a better understanding of the condition in postmenopausal women and understand its effect on their lives.

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Prevalence and predictors of bacterial vaginosis in HIV-infected women in Maharashtra, India

Cited by 9 publications

References 42 publications

BV associated bacteria specifically BVAB 1 and BVAB 3 as biomarkers for HPV risk and progression of cervical neoplasia

BV associated bacteria specifically BVAB 1 and BVAB 3 as biomarkers for HPV risk and progression of cervical neoplasia

The Female Vaginal Microbiome in Health and Bacterial Vaginosis

Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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