Prevalence and predictors of anaemia among patients presenting with kidney diseases at the University of Dodoma Hospital in central Tanzania

Abstract

Background: Anaemia is a common complication that contributes to the burden of kidney diseases. Anaemia confers significant risk of cardiovascular disease and contributes to decreased quality of life. While the primary cause of anaemia is the inadequate production of erythropoietin by the kidneys to support erythropoiesis, other factors may contribute to anaemia. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of anaemia among patients presenting with kidney diseases at the haemodialysis unit of the University of Dodoma (UDOM) hospital in central Tanzania.Methodology: In this retrospective study we reviewed data of patients who presented at UDOM haemodialysis unit in Tanzania with kidney diseases as from January 2013 to June 2015. Data were descriptively and inferentially analysed using Stata version 11 software.Results: A total of 1,395 patients were involved in this study. Of these, 792 (56.8%) presented with kidney diseases, 249 (31.4%) were found to have anaemia. The leading cause of anaemia was chronic kidney disease (CKD) 136 (54.6%), blood loss 74(29.7), haemolysis 15 (6.0%), Nutrition 13(5.2%) and others 11 (4.4%). Glomerular filtration rate of < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 accounted for 59.1% of CKD. Median [IQR] serum creatinine level: 246 [177 – 317] μmol/L, Urea level 16[8 -24] mmol/L and haemoglobin of 9.8 [6.2 - 13.4] g/dL. Prevalence of anaemia was strongly associated with declining glomerular filtration rate (P= 0.01).Conclusion: Anaemia is very common among patients presenting with kidney diseases. These patients require a thorough evaluation to identify and correct causes of anaemia other than erythropoietin deficiency.

Anemia and its predictors among chronic kidney disease patients in Sub-Saharan African countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Of the studies incorporated in the final analysis, 22 (88.0%) of them were cross-sectional, 2 (8.0%) were case-control, and 1 (4.0%) was a prospective cohort study. The sample size of the incorporated studies ranged from 49 in South Africa [ 14 ] to 792 in Tanzania [ 34 ] ( Table 1 ).…”

“…A total of 25 original articles that revealed the prevalence and predictors of anemia among 5042 CKD patients in sub-Saharan African regions which were published between 2010 and 2021 were incorporated in this systematic review and meta-analysis. These studies were carried out in South Africa (5 studies) [14,[22][23][24][25], Nigeria (6 studies) [15,[26][27][28][29][30], Ethiopia (5 studies) [16,17,[31][32][33], Tanzania (2 studies) [34,35], Kenya (2 studies) [36,37], Cameron (3 studies) [38][39][40], Sudan (1 study) [41], and Uganda (1 study) [42]. Of the studies incorporated in the final analysis, 22 (88.0%) of them were cross-sectional, 2 (8.0%) were case-control, and 1 (4.0%) was a prospective cohort study.…”

Mechanisms and Cardiorenal Complications of Chronic Anemia in People with HIV

“…Chronic inflammation and immune activation characteristic of HIV infection create a pro-inflammatory environment, directly affecting renal function and contributing to CKD. Anemia, often associated with inflammation, may further intensify these processes, exacerbating renal damage [ 116 , 117 , 118 ]. Over time, inflammation leads to scarring in the glomeruli, which can sometimes lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD) or end-stage renal disease (ESRD) [ 119 , 120 ].…”

Patterns and outcomes of cardiovascular complications among adult patients with chronic kidney diseases attending Benjamin Mkapa Hospital in Dodoma, Tanzania A protocol of a prospective longitudinal study

“…The risk of cardiovascular complications among CKD patients is increased due to several factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, high levels of cholesterol or triglycerides, anaemia, chronic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction [6][7][8][9][10] The pattern of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients can vary depending on the stage of CKD and the presence of other comorbid conditions [11]. In the early stages of CKD (stages 1-3), the most common forms of CVD are hypertension, peripheral artery disease, and left ventricular hypertrophy [12].…”