Prevalence and Phylogenetic Analysis of Hepatitis E Virus among Pigs in Japan

Sasaki, Yohei; Haruna, Mika; Uema, Masashi; Noda, Mamoru; Yamada, Yukiko

doi:10.7883/yoken.jjid.2017.235

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…Since within the past decades HEV infection has been increasingly identified in developed countries, where the prevalent strains are HEV-3 and HEV-4, this section will focus mainly on these two genotypes. In Japan, subtypes 3b, 3a and 3e within HEV-3 and subtypes 4c and 4i within HEV-4 are predominant and indigenized, since they have been recovered from both hepatitis E patients and animals including domestic pigs and/or wild boars [128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139]. Although the global circulation of HEV-3 subtypes suggests that there are no clear regional demarcations, with subtypes no longer limited to their regions of origin [140], subtype 3b is indigenous to Japan, and no 3b strains have thus far been identified in other countries.…”

Section: Distribution and Clinical Significance Of Hev Genotype Wimentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Variability and Evolution of Hepatitis E Virus

Primadharsini

Nagashima

Okamoto

2019

Viruses

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus. HEV can cause both acute and chronic hepatitis, with the latter usually occurring in immunocompromised patients. Modes of transmission range from the classic fecal–oral route or zoonotic route, to relatively recently recognized but increasingly common routes, such as via the transfusion of blood products or organ transplantation. Extrahepatic manifestations, such as neurological, kidney and hematological abnormalities, have been documented in some limited cases, typically in patients with immune suppression. HEV has demonstrated extensive genomic diversity and a variety of HEV strains have been identified worldwide from human populations as well as growing numbers of animal species. The genetic variability and constant evolution of HEV contribute to its physiopathogenesis and adaptation to new hosts. This review describes the recent classification of the Hepeviridae family, global genotype distribution, clinical significance of HEV genotype and genomic variability and evolution of HEV.

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Section: Distribution and Clinical Significance Of Hev Genotype Wimentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Variability and Evolution of Hepatitis E Virus

Primadharsini

Nagashima

Okamoto

2019

Viruses

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“…Pigs are successively infected on farms, and the antibody positive rate increases with age [19, 24, 25]. In Japan, pigs are generally slaughtered at approximately 6 months of age; the presence of HEV at this age is negligible among pigs [10]. Here, the anti-HEV antibody IgG was detected in > 90% of the pigs, indicating that the prevalence of HEV was high in several farms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HEV was identified in pigs in 1997 [5]; since then, several studies have reported on pigs infected with hepatitis in various countries [6–10]. Furthermore, hepatitis infections are reportedly associated with consumption of meat products from pigs and wild boar [11–13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High prevalence of hepatitis E virus infection among domestic pigs in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan

et al. 2019

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BackgroundHepatitis E virus (HEV) is prevalent in pigs and may serve as a reservoir for human infection. However, data on HEV infections in pigs in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan, are limited. Here, we clarified the process and course of HEV in naturally infected pigs. Serum (n = 160) and liver (n = 110) samples were collected from pigs at the slaughterhouse. Furthermore, serum samples were collected from 45 breeding sows and serum and feces samples were collected from 7 piglets once a week (raised until 166 days of age). HEV antigen and antibodies were evaluated, and the genotype was identified based on molecular phylogenetic tree analysis.ResultsThe samples collected from the slaughterhouse revealed that few pigs were HEV carriers but most possessed anti-HEV antibodies. Most breeding sows possessed antibodies, and the piglets excreted HEV on the farm at approximately 10 weeks of age. One pig was initially infected, and in a few weeks, the other pigs living in the same sty became infected.ConclusionsMost pigs in Ibaraki Prefecture were with HEV. On the farm, most piglets were infected with HEV by the time they reached slaughter age. We confirmed that HEV infection is successively transmitted among piglets living in the same sty.

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“…Experts from Japan have shown the presence of HEV in wild boars in few territories and phylogenetic tree examination showed that the majority of the HEV strains resembled with genotype 3 54 . Another report from Japan found the highest positivity of HEV RNA among 3-months old pigs 55 . HEV was also additionally found in Japanese bats and BLAST study showed the highest sequence similarity with German strain.…”

Section: Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (Idsp)mentioning

confidence: 94%

Hepatitis E: Current Status in India and Other Asian Countries

Kumar¹,

Kamar²,

Kumar³

2019

J Pure Appl Microbiol

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Six types of hepatitis infections are accounted for the inflammation of liver in human throughout the world and assigned the letter A, B, C, D, E and G. Out of these, Hepatitis E, caused by Hepatitis E virus (HEV), currently categorized as a member of the genus Hepevirus in the family Hepeviridae. Hepatitis E is considered highly significant, on account of its predominance in both developed and developing nations, due to poor sanitation and cleanliness condition related to drinking water. This review focuses on general epidemiological study update of hepatitis E virus in India and rest of Asia for the selected period and also throws light on some diagnostic approaches available for the same. An extensive literature search was performed with published work and search in PubMed using term "HEV" combined with "country name" restricting the search publication between year 2008 to 2018 for India and 2013 to 2018 for the rest of Asia. The data was analyzed in detail to meet the requirements of the objectives. Study showed that in India the major causes of Hepatitis E was water contaminated with fecal matter. Reports from East and Southeast Asia signified the role of animal reservoir especially the pigs for HEV. Whereas in Indian neighboring countries like Nepal, Pakistan and Western Asia the major cases of Hepatitis E were associated with blood transfusion and pregnancy related cases. Majority of the diagnostic approaches used in India at medical facilities are based on anti-HEV IgM detection. However, the molecular based approaches played very crucial role in HEV detection. It is observed that the incidence of HEV is gradually expanding and its objective range is not only just developing countries, but also showing an enhancement. In overall, there is need for improvements in detection of HEV disease and methodologies used for the development of HEV vaccines.

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Prevalence and Phylogenetic Analysis of Hepatitis E Virus among Pigs in Japan

Cited by 9 publications

References 16 publications

Genetic Variability and Evolution of Hepatitis E Virus

Genetic Variability and Evolution of Hepatitis E Virus

High prevalence of hepatitis E virus infection among domestic pigs in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan

Hepatitis E: Current Status in India and Other Asian Countries

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