Prevalence and phenology of white-nose syndrome fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans in bats from Poland

Sachanowicz, Konrad; Stępień, Arkadiusz; Ciechanowski, Mateusz

doi:10.2478/s11535-013-0280-z

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…Thirty identified proteins were enzymes belonging to the citrate cycle (TCA), for which 96 proteins have been annotated in maize ( S4 Table ). Differential expression was found for 15 proteins, including citrate synthase (2.3.3.1) [ 44 ], malate dehydrogenase, cyto, mdh5, aconitate hydratase (4.2.1.3), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (1.1.1.41) [ 45 , 46 ], the succinyl-CoA synthetase beta subunit (6.2.1.4/6.2.1.5) [ 47 , 48 ] and the pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component alpha/beta subunit (1.2.4.1) [ 49 , 50 ]. Succinyl-CoA ligase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase showed decreased levels and belong to class 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomics analysis reveals a dynamic diurnal pattern of photosynthesis-related pathways in maize leaves

Feng

Wang

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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Plant leaves exhibit differentiated patterns of photosynthesis rates under diurnal light regulation. Maize leaves show a single-peak pattern without photoinhibition at midday when the light intensity is maximized. This mechanism contributes to highly efficient photosynthesis in maize leaves. To understand the molecular basis of this process, an isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based proteomics analysis was performed to reveal the dynamic pattern of proteins related to photosynthetic reactions. Steady, single-peak and double-peak protein expression patterns were discovered in maize leaves, and antenna proteins in these leaves displayed a steady pattern. In contrast, the photosystem, carbon fixation and citrate pathways were highly controlled by diurnal light intensity. Most enzymes in the limiting steps of these pathways were major sites of regulation. Thus, maize leaves optimize photosynthesis and carbon fixation outside of light harvesting to adapt to the changes in diurnal light intensity at the protein level.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomics analysis reveals a dynamic diurnal pattern of photosynthesis-related pathways in maize leaves

Feng

Wang

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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“…We used a bias-reduction method (package brglm in R v. 3.1.2) to deal with the complete separation present in the data (in some species no visual detections of the fungus were made). We used the number of days since January 1 st to account for differences in timing of sampling as visibility of infection may increase later in the season [ 27 , 29 , 30 ]. We fit twelve a priori models with combinations of main, additive, and interactive effects representing our hypotheses and used Akaike information criterion (AIC) model selection criteria to determine the best-fitting model.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Visual Surveys for White-Nose Syndrome at Bat Hibernacula

et al. 2015

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White-Nose Syndrome (WNS) is an epizootic disease in hibernating bats caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans. Surveillance for P. destructans at bat hibernacula consists primarily of visual surveys of bats, collection of potentially infected bats, and submission of these bats for laboratory testing. Cryptic infections (bats that are infected but display no visual signs of fungus) could lead to the mischaracterization of the infection status of a site and the inadvertent spread of P. destructans. We determined the efficacy of visual detection of P. destructans by examining visual signs and molecular detection of P. destructans on 928 bats of six species at 27 sites during surveys conducted from January through March in 2012–2014 in the southeastern USA on the leading edge of the disease invasion. Cryptic infections were widespread with 77% of bats that tested positive by qPCR showing no visible signs of infection. The probability of exhibiting visual signs of infection increased with sampling date and pathogen load, the latter of which was substantially higher in three species (Myotis lucifugus, M. septentrionalis, and Perimyotis subflavus). In addition, M. lucifugus was more likely to show visual signs of infection than other species given the same pathogen load. Nearly all infections were cryptic in three species (Eptesicus fuscus, M. grisescens, and M. sodalis), which had much lower fungal loads. The presence of M. lucifugus or M. septentrionalis at a site increased the probability that P. destructans was visually detected on bats. Our results suggest that cryptic infections of P. destructans are common in all bat species, and visible infections rarely occur in some species. However, due to very high infection prevalence and loads in some species, we estimate that visual surveys examining at least 17 individuals of M. lucifugus and M. septentrionalis, or 29 individuals of P. subflavus are still effective to determine whether a site has bats infected with P. destructans. In addition, because the probability of visually detecting the fungus was higher later in winter, surveys should be done as close to the end of the hibernation period as possible.

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“…1 | Global distribution of Pseudogymnoascus destructans. a | Points show locations that have been sampled for P. destructans 28,33,39,40,[53][54][55]68,77,[161][162][163][164][165][166] . Filled circles indicate sites where P. destructans was detected through qPCR, photographs and sampling of museum specimens and red open circles indicate sites where P. destructans was not detected (these sites in North America are not shown).…”

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confidence: 99%

Ecology and impacts of white-nose syndrome on bats

2021

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White-nose syndrome (WNS) is a fungal disease in bats and one of the most devastating infectious disease outbreaks in wild mammals to emerge over the past century 1-15. WNS was first detected in 2007 by biologists who discovered an abnormal mortality event at a cave in Albany County, New York (NY), USA, while conducting routine bat population monitoring surveys 16. Bats that were still alive were covered in a white fungus, which was most noticeable on their muzzles, ears and wings, thus leading to the disease being named WNS 17,18. Following this discovery, inspection of nearby hibernation sites (hibernacula) led to similar findings and further examination of photos collected from previous winter surveys revealed that bats at another nearby site had visible signs of infection with the fungus in the winter of 2005-2006. Thus, the earliest evidence of this disease in North America is on 16 February 2006 in Howes Cave, NY 17. Histological examination of dead and dying bats later identified the likely causative agent as Geomyces destructans 19 , a novel fungus that was unknown to science before its discovery in North America 17. Based on DNA sequence data from other Geomyces spp. and related fungi, G. destructans was reclassified as Pseudogymnoascus destructans 16,17,20 in 2013. P. destructans is a multi-host psychrophilic ascomycete 20 in the order Onygenales, which contains many other pathogenic and environmentally resilient fungi. Molecular evidence suggests that P. destructans has evolved with Eurasian bat communities, with which it has coexisted for millenia 21,22 , to become a specialist pathogen that relies primarily on living bat tissue for growth and replication 22-24. The investment in parasitic traits has led to physiological and ecological trade-offs 22-26 , which make P. destructans both reliant on but also well adapted to infecting the epidermal tissue of hibernating bats during the winter 26,27. While bat communities across Eurasia experience greatly reduced WNS disease severity with no evidence of mass mortality 28,29 , naive host communities in North America experienced unprecedented population declines 1-15 on first exposure to this virulent pathogen 26,27. Routine monitoring and retrospective photo documentation of bat populations enabled biologists to estimate the timing of P. destructans' introduction to North America with some certainty, making this disease emergence unique among other wildlife diseases. Early detection enabled the spread of P. destructans across North America to be tracked and the impacts of the pathogen on hosts to be accurately assessed. Building on this information, the first decade of WNS research has led to considerable advances in the understanding of the closely tied interactions between P. destructans and its hosts compared with other emerging wildlife diseases over similar timescales 30,31. In this Review, we describe the origins, distribution, seasonal life history, pathogenesis, and the impacts and persistence of bats with P. destructans across the globe. Finally, we...

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Prevalence and phenology of white-nose syndrome fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans in bats from Poland

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

Proteomics analysis reveals a dynamic diurnal pattern of photosynthesis-related pathways in maize leaves

Proteomics analysis reveals a dynamic diurnal pattern of photosynthesis-related pathways in maize leaves

Efficacy of Visual Surveys for White-Nose Syndrome at Bat Hibernacula

Ecology and impacts of white-nose syndrome on bats

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