Prevalence and persistence of certain serologic types of Streptococcus pyogenes in metropolitan Tokyo

Iimura, Tatsu; Kashiwagi, Yoshikatsu; Endo, Miyoko; Amano, Yuji

doi:10.1007/s10156-006-0432-4

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Although emm12, the dominant type in this PFGE cluster, corresponded to the most abundant M type found among healthy children in Tokyo during an extensive longitudinal study (8), an association between M12 and pediatric invasive disease was not previously noted. The fact that the isolates described here were not geographically or temporally clustered suggests that a clone defined by a characteristic PFGE profile, ST36, and carrying the emm12 allele is associated with children and pediatric invasive disease in particular.…”

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confidence: 63%

Nonoutbreak Surveillance of Group A Streptococci Causing Invasive Disease in Portugal Identified Internationally Disseminated Clones among Members of a Genetically Heterogeneous Population

2007

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The typing of 160 invasive Streptococcus pyogenes isolates confirmed the importance of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing for defining clones. The results identified an extremely diverse population and highlighted the importance of both internationally disseminated and local clones not previously associated with invasive disease.A reemergence of invasive disease caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (a member of the group A streptococci [GAS]) has been noted since the late 1980s, both in North America and in Europe (3). This increase in the incidence of GAS infections has frequently been associated with specific clones, suggesting the possibility that the rise of particularly virulent clones is responsible for this reemergence. The identification of GAS clones in surveillance and epidemiological studies has frequently relied on serotyping using two variable surface antigens, the T antigen (T typing) and the M protein (M typing, or emm typing, as the protein is encoded by the emm gene) (3). Recent work suggests that emm typing alone is not sufficient to unambiguously identify GAS clones and that this method must be complemented with an analysis by either pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) or multilocus sequence typing (MLST) (1). A total of 160 nonduplicate GAS isolates recovered from normally sterile sites (150 from blood, 7 from pleural fluid, and 3 from cerebrospinal fluid) were collected in 19 laboratories distributed throughout Portugal that were asked to submit all isolates between 2000 and 2005. The number of participating laboratories was not constant, and this variation was reflected in the number of isolates available in each of the study years Twelve different T serotypes (20) were identified, and 23 isolates (14%) were nontypeable (Simpson's index of diversity [SID] Ϯ 95% confidence interval [CI], 88.2% Ϯ 2.3%) (1), whereas 30 different emm types were identified (SID Ϯ 95% CI, 92.0% Ϯ 2.0%). The presence of genes encoding GAS pyrogenic toxins was studied by PCR (2, 9, 16, 18). As expected, the results confirmed the presence of the chromosomal genes speB and speF in all strains except one. Eleven different exotoxin gene profiles were identified (SID Ϯ 95% CI, 82.2% Ϯ 3.0%), but a significant fraction of the isolates (16%) were negative for all but the chromosomal genes ( Table 1).The dendrogram based on the PFGE profiles of SmaI-or Cfr9I-digested total DNA (1, 19) from the isolates identified 13 major clusters accounting for 86% of all isolates (SID Ϯ 95% CI, 92.0% Ϯ 2.1%) (Fig. 1). Among the 37 isolates characterized by MLST (5), four new alleles were identified and submitted to the S. pyogenes MLST database, namely, recP82, gki98, gtr73, and murI68, as well as seven new sequence types (STs; ST258 and ST406 to ST411) that are all single-locus variants of preexisting STs, except for ST258, which is a double-locus variant of three preexisting STs. The overall level of correspondence between PFGE clusters and emm types was high, with a Wallace coefficient of 0.890, meaning th...

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confidence: 63%

Nonoutbreak Surveillance of Group A Streptococci Causing Invasive Disease in Portugal Identified Internationally Disseminated Clones among Members of a Genetically Heterogeneous Population

2007

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“…Macrolide resistance among colonization isolates was also reported as variable in a few countries, ranging from very low (0-2%), such as in Japan [20] and Brazil [21], to very high in China (95%) [9] and Italy (38%) [7]. In our study, the high macrolide resistance rates that we observed in 2003/2004 were paralleled by the rapid expansion of M phenotype isolates replacing the cMLS B phenotype isolates, which in turn replaced the M phenotype isolates in 2005, although with a low frequency.…”

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confidence: 96%

Description of macrolide-resistant and potential virulent clones of Streptococcus pyogenes causing asymptomatic colonization during 2000–2006 in the Lisbon area

Pires

Rolo

Morais³

et al. 2011

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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The asymptomatic oropharyngeal colonization rate by Streptococcus pyogenes was 10.7% in children (901 among 8,405 children 0-16 years old) and 3.3% in adults (37 among 1,126 households of children) in the Lisbon area during 2000-2006. Macrolide-resistant S. pyogenes from children (n = 149) was variable with time: 9.8-10.7% in 2000-2002, 28.1% in 2003, 19.6-2.7% in 2004-2005 and 14.6% in 2006. Eight lineages (97.3% of isolates) were identified based on at least 80% similarity of PFGE patterns, T types, emm types and multilocus sequence types (ST). The elevated frequency of macrolide resistance was associated with M phenotype lineages I (emm12/ST36) and V (emm4, emm75/ST39 and a novel emmstMrp6 type) and with one cMLS(B) lineage IV (emm28/ST52) known to be associated with upper respiratory tract and invasive infections. Significant associations (p < 0.05) between emm type/virulence genotype were found, such as emm1/speA (+) ssa (-), emm4/ssa (+) prtF1 (+), emm12/speA (-) ssa (-). The high prevalence (>20%) of speC, prtF1 or ssa was probably caused either by clonal dissemination (speC), or to horizontal gene transfer events (prtF1 and ssa). This report contributes to a better understanding of the molecular epidemiology and evolution of macrolide-resistant S. pyogenes causing symptom-free oropharyngeal colonization. These colonizing strains carry macrolide resistance and virulence genes capable of being transferred to other bacterial species sharing the same niche.

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“…Interestingly, three samples possessed two different emm types, a result rarely reported [ 51 ]. In Japan, the major emm types associated with symptomatic GAS infections are emm 1, emm 12, emm 4, emm 28, and emm 75 [ 52 – 55 ]. Here, we detected emm 58, emm 106, emm 81, and emm 6 types from healthy people.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA-based culture-independent analysis detects the presence of group a streptococcus in throat samples from healthy adults in Japan

et al. 2016

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BackgroundGroup A Streptococcus (GAS; Streptococcus pyogenes) causes a range of mild to severe infections in humans. It can also colonize healthy persons asymptomatically. Therefore, it is important to study GAS carriage in healthy populations, as carriage of it might lead to subsequent disease manifestation, clonal spread in the community, and/or diversification of the organism. Throat swab culture is the gold standard method for GAS detection. Advanced culture-independent methods provide rapid and efficient detection of microorganisms directly from clinical samples. We investigated the presence of GAS in throat swab samples from healthy adults in Japan using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods.ResultsTwo throat swab samples were collected from 148 healthy volunteers. One was cultured on selective medium, while total DNA extracted from the other was polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified with two GAS-specific primer pairs: one was a newly designed 16S rRNA-specific primer pair, the other a previously described V-Na+-ATPase primer pair. Although only 5 (3.4 %) of the 148 samples were GAS-positive by the culture-dependent method, 146 (98.6 %) were positive for the presence of GAS DNA by the culture-independent method. To obtain serotype information by emm typing, we performed nested PCR using newly designed emm primers. We detected the four different emm types in 25 (16.9 %) samples, and these differed from the common emm types associated with GAS associated diseases in Japan. The different emm types detected in the healthy volunteers indicate that the presence of unique emm types might be associated with GAS carriage.ConclusionsOur results suggest that culture-independent methods should be considered for profiling GAS in the healthy hosts, with a view to obtaining better understanding of these organisms. The GAS-specific primers (16S rRNA and V-Na+-ATPase) used in this study can be used to estimate the maximum potential GAS carriage in people.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0858-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Prevalence and persistence of certain serologic types of Streptococcus pyogenes in metropolitan Tokyo

Cited by 3 publications

References 24 publications

Nonoutbreak Surveillance of Group A Streptococci Causing Invasive Disease in Portugal Identified Internationally Disseminated Clones among Members of a Genetically Heterogeneous Population

Nonoutbreak Surveillance of Group A Streptococci Causing Invasive Disease in Portugal Identified Internationally Disseminated Clones among Members of a Genetically Heterogeneous Population

Description of macrolide-resistant and potential virulent clones of Streptococcus pyogenes causing asymptomatic colonization during 2000–2006 in the Lisbon area

DNA-based culture-independent analysis detects the presence of group a streptococcus in throat samples from healthy adults in Japan

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