Prevalence and pathological study of Paramphistomum infection in the small intestine of slaughtered ovine

Abstract

Paramphistomiasis, a trematode infectious disease in ruminants, has been neglected but has recently emerged as an important cause of productivity loss. The small intestine of slaughtered sheep was collected weekly from abattoirs (Kermanshah, Sanandaj, Tabriz and Urmia Slaughterhouses) to monitoring the seasonal occurrence of Paramphistomosis, 2,421 sheep carcasses (743 male (30.69 %) and 1,678 female (69.31 %)) were examined, out of which 0.041 % were positive for Paramphistomum infestation. Furthermore, upon evaluation Paramphistomum termatodes, Gastrothylax crumenifer and Cotylophoron detected as well. Overall, the small intestinal infestation by such parasite was 0.041 % which contained hyperemia, severe congestion and haemorrhage. The highest infection in the sheep infected with Paramphistomum spp. was found during the summer (July to August) (6.7, 2 %) and followed by the autumn seasons (November to October) (3.8, 2.3 %). Microscopic study of the small intestine revealed dilatation of intestinal glands, destruction of superficial glands, replacement of fibrin, diffuse infiltration of inflammatory cells and fibrinonecrotic enteritis. Other changes as congestion hemorrhage and nodules of Ostertagia were observed in total examination of small intestines. According to statistical analysis by SPSS software and Chi square test revealed that there is significant difference between pathologic changes, seasons and ecological situations of the region (p \ 0.05). There was no significant difference between age, gender and sample pH of examined sheep (p [ 0.05).According to the results of pathologic changes of sheep small intestines, preventive measurements in the area should be taken to decrease the damages, so applying a parasitic control program is recommended.

Calicophoron daubneyi in sheep and cattle of Sardinia, Italy

“…In cattle farms, the prevalence of 55.9 % seems to be increasing if compared to the survey carried out in the same region by Scala et al (1997a) 18 years ago, where a prevalence of 19.6 % was found; The values found here are in according to the report of Cringoli et al (2012), (55.7 %), while are lower compared to Spanish (61 %) and Uruguayan (69 %) reports as described by Sanchís et al, (2013). The slaughterhouse's survey revealed a very low prevalence of paramphistomosis in sheep (2 %), similar to fi ndings from Iran (0.041 %) (Tehrani et al, 2015) and Turkey (4.43 %) (Ozdal et al, 2010) but was much lower compared to records from Ethiopia (25 %) (Sissay et al, 2007) and India (36.2 %) (Godara et al, 2014). The lower values obtained from sheep coprological analysis and in slaughterhouse's survey could be probably due to the fact that in this species the infection seems to be less frequent than in cattle (Rojo-Vázquez et al, 2012).…”

Gastrointestinal Helminthic Challenges in Sheep and Goats in Afro-Asian Region: A Review

“…On the other hand, Yadav et al, (2010) described more cases in summer than rainy season. The highest incidence in sheep in Turkey was reported during autumn followed by summer (Ozdal et al, 2010), however, it was reverse in Iran (Tehrani et al, 2015). Maitra et al (2014) described the difference in species/season/monthly prevalence due to the differences in the agro climatic conditions, availability or abundance of intermediate hosts, animal husbandry/ management practices, length of survey period, sample size and method of sampling.…”

“…infection in sheep. Tehrani et al (2015) described three species from sheep carcass as P. cervi, Cotylophoron cotylophorum and G. crumenifer in Iran. Tan et al, (2017) from Malaysia described Paramphistomum spp.…”

“…Maitra et al (2014) reported as high as 80-90 percent mortality rate due to immature paramphistomosis in domestic ruminants. Tehrani et al (2015), among 2421 sheep tissue specimens in paramphistomosis, recorded major gross lesions as hyperemia, haemorrhage ulcers and nodular protrusions of different sizes and shapes in intestines along with dilatation and superficial destruction of intestinal glands and infiltration of erythrocytes and inflammatory cells and fibrinous membrane around them. Melaku and Addis, (2012) from Ethiopia quoted mature amphistomes infection with rumenitis, irregular rumination, un-thriftiness, lower feed conversion rate and loss of body conditions resulting in considerable economic loss.…”

An in vitro confirmation of the ethonopharmacological use of Senna plants as anthelmintic against rumen fluke Paramphistomum gracile

“…The propensity of goats to higher infection rates in young age groups can be attributed to higher susceptibility and lower resistance due to incomplete development of immunity [25]. Higher infection rates in female goats than the males could be attributed to genetic predisposition and differential susceptibility owing to hormonal effects [26].…”