Prevalence and molecular typing of Clostridium perfringens in captive wildlife in India

Milton, Arockiasamy Arun Prince; Agarwal, Rajesh; Priya, G. Bhuvana; Saminathan, Mani; Aravind, M; Reddy, A. P. K.; Athira, Cheruplackal Karunakaran; Ramees, T P; Sharma, Anil Kumar; Kumar, Ashok

doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.01.011

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The present study ascertained the distribution of C. perfringens toxin types in sheep and goat populations in relation to health status. The predominance of the alpha toxin gene ( C. perfringens type A) is in accordance with the high distribution of this toxin type in neighboring countries like China, India and Bangladesh [ 52 , 53 ]. The high prevalence of alpha and beta2 genes also signifies the need to incorporate these strains into the vaccine that is currently used against C. perfringens infections, which contains only type D strain, and also suggests the use of an oil based/montanide adjuvanted vaccine, which was proven successful against other clinically important diseases of livestock [ 54 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Prevalence, Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Clostridium perfringens Type A and D Isolated from Feces of Sheep (Ovis aries) and Goats (Capra hircus) in Punjab, Pakistan

Mohiuddin

Iqbal

Siddique

et al. 2020

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Clostridium perfringens poses a serious threat to small ruminants by causing moderate to severe enterotoxaemia. Due to its ability to produce a wide arsenal of toxins, it is ranked among the most prevalent and important pathogens in livestock. This study focused on the molecular characterization of different Clostridium perfringens types along with their antimicrobial resistance profile. An overall higher prevalence of C. perfringens (46.1%) was detected based on mPCR among sheep and goats (healthy and diseased) in the Punjab province, Pakistan. The majority of the isolates were characterized as type A (82%), followed by type D (18%). Among the isolates from diseased sheep and goats, 27% were positive for cpa, 49% for cpa and cpb2, 9% for cpa and etx, 15% for cpa, cpb2 and etx. In the case of isolates from healthy sheep and goats, 59% were positive for cpa, 34% for cpb2 and cpa, 4% for cpa and etx, and 3% for cpa, cpb2 and etx. The prevalence of the beta2 toxin gene in the diseased sheep and goat population was 64% as compared to 37% in healthy animals. All 184 isolates (100%) were sensitive to rifampin and ceftiofur; the majority (57%) was sensitive to teicoplanin, chloramphenicol, amoxicillin, linezolid and enrofloxacin. A lower proportion of isolates (43%) were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and only 14% were susceptible to erythromycin. The findings of this study highlight the higher prevalence of C. perfringens in small ruminants and indicate that detailed pathogenesis studies are necessary to understand the explicit role of various toxins in causing enteric infections in sheep and goats including how they might be exploited to develop vaccines against these diseases.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Prevalence, Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Clostridium perfringens Type A and D Isolated from Feces of Sheep (Ovis aries) and Goats (Capra hircus) in Punjab, Pakistan

Mohiuddin

Iqbal

Siddique

et al. 2020

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…On the basis of four major toxins, namely, alpha (CPA), beta (CPB), epsilon (ETX), and iota (ITX), the C. perfringens is divided into five toxinotypes, i.e. A, B, C, D, and E [ 2 , 3 ]. The specific toxins are responsible for the clinical signs and a syndrome attributable to each type.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation, molecular characterization and prevalence of Clostridium perfringens in sheep and goats of Kashmir Himalayas, India

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aim:The study was conducted to report the occurrence of the Clostridium perfringens in sheep and goats of the Kashmir valley for the 1st time and to characterize them molecularly with respect to toxin genes to determine the prevalence of the various toxinotypes.Materials and Methods:A total of 177 samples (152 from sheep and 25 from goats) collected from healthy, diarrheic animals, and morbid material of animals suspected to have died of enterotoxaemia were screened for C. perfringens toxinotypes. The presumptive positive isolates were confirmed using 16S rRNA gene-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All the confirmed isolates were screened for six toxin genes, namely; cpa, cpb, etx, cpi, cpb2, and cpe using a multiplex PCR.Results:The PCR amplification of 16S rRNA gene revealed that out of 177 samples collected, 125 (70.62%) were found positive for C. perfringens, of which 110 (72.36%) were from sheep and 15 (60%) were from goats. The highest prevalence of C. perfringens toxinotype D was observed in lambs (56.16%) and kids (46.16%) followed by 3.84% in adult sheep while it was absent in samples obtained from adult goats. The multiplex PCR revealed that 67 (60.90%) isolates from sheep and 8 (53.33%) isolates from goats belonged to toxinotype A, while 43 (39.09%) isolates from sheep and 7 (46.66%) isolates from goats were detected as toxinotype D. None of the isolates was found to be toxinotype B, C, or E. All the C. perfringens toxinotype A isolates from sheep were negative for both cpb2 and cpe genes, however, 27.90% toxinotype D isolates from sheep carried cpb2 gene, and 6.97% possessed cpe gene. In contrast, 12.50% C. perfringens toxinotype A isolates from goats harbored cpb2 and cpe genes while 14.28% isolates belonging to toxinotype D carried cpb2 and cpe genes, respectively.Conclusion:The high prevalence of C. perfringens was observed, even in day-old lambs. The toxinotypes A and D are prevalent in both sheep and goats. The severity of disease and mortality may be associated with the presence of minor toxins in both the detected toxinotypes.

show abstract

“…All four isolates obtained in the present study were negative for all additional virulence factors tested, including beta-2 toxin encoding-gene (cpb2), already reported in other wild animals, and enterotoxinencoding gene (cpe), an important virulence factor for C. perfringens associated with disease in humans (GORMLEY et al, 2011;SILVA et al, 2015;MILTON et al, 2017). This is the first study to genotype and evaluate these common additional virulence factors in C. perfringens isolated from NHPs, so it is impossible to compare these findings to those from other primate species.…”

mentioning

confidence: 51%

“…This is the first study to genotype and evaluate these common additional virulence factors in C. perfringens isolated from NHPs, so it is impossible to compare these findings to those from other primate species. Regardless, our results suggested that these additional virulence factors are less common in capuchin monkeys than in other wild animals including ruminants, canids, felids and birds (SILVA et al, 2014;SILVA et al, 2015;MILTON et al, 2017).…”

mentioning

confidence: 72%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Isolation and genotyping of Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium difficile in Capuchin Monkeys (Sapajus spp.)

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The importance of Clostridium perfringens and C. difficile for most wild animal species remains unclear. This study aimed to isolate and genotype C. perfringens and C. difficile in stool samples from free-living and captive capuchin monkeys (Sapajus flavius and Sapajus libidinosus) in Brazil. Ten free-living S. flavius and 14 captive S. libidinosus were sampled for this study. To isolate C. difficile, stool samples were inoculated on plates containing cycloserine-cefoxitin fructose agar supplemented with horse blood and sodium taurocholate. Two different protocols for C. perfringens isolation were tested: direct plating onto selective agar and enrichment in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth followed by plating onto selective agar. C. difficile was not detected in the present study. The results were identical for both protocols tested for isolation of C. perfringens. Four samples (16.7%) were positive for C. perfringens type A, including one sample from a free-living animal (4.2%) and three from captive animals (12.5%), meaning there was no significant difference between these two groups. C. perfringens isolates were negative for all additional virulence factors evaluated, including enterotoxin encoding-gene (cpe) and beta-2 encoding-gene (cpb2). These results suggested that C. perfringens type A is found in the microbiota of capuchin monkeys, although it is less frequent than previously reported in domestic animals.

show abstract

Prevalence and molecular typing of Clostridium perfringens in captive wildlife in India

Cited by 24 publications

References 20 publications

Prevalence, Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Clostridium perfringens Type A and D Isolated from Feces of Sheep (Ovis aries) and Goats (Capra hircus) in Punjab, Pakistan

Prevalence, Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Clostridium perfringens Type A and D Isolated from Feces of Sheep (Ovis aries) and Goats (Capra hircus) in Punjab, Pakistan

Isolation, molecular characterization and prevalence of Clostridium perfringens in sheep and goats of Kashmir Himalayas, India

Isolation and genotyping of Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium difficile in Capuchin Monkeys (Sapajus spp.)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About