Prevalence and Molecular Subtyping of Blastocystis from Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Chronic Urticaria in Iran

Shirvani, Giti; Harandi, Majid Fasihi; Raiesi, Omid; Bazargan, Nasrin; Zahedi, Mohammad Javad; Sharifi, Iraj; Kalantari-Khandani, Behjat; Nooshadokht, Maryam; Shabandoust, Hajar; Mohammadi, Mohammad Ali; Ebrahimipour, Mohammad; Babaei, Zahra

doi:10.2478/s11686-019-00131-y

Cited by 37 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The clinical significance of Blastocystis remains controversial, although it has been widely studied for more than 100 years [ 2 ]. Blastocystis has been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) [ 3 , 4 ]. Some microbiome studies have reported that Blastocystis colonization decreases the abundance of beneficial bacterial Bifidobacterium in humans and mouse models [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental colonization with Blastocystis ST4 is associated with protective immune responses and modulation of gut microbiome in a DSS-induced colitis mouse model

Deng

Wojciech

Png

et al. 2022

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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Background Blastocystis is a common gut protistan parasite in humans and animals worldwide, but its interrelationship with the host gut microbiota and mucosal immune responses remains poorly understood. Different murine models of Blastocystis colonization were used to examine the effect of a common Blastocystis subtype (ST4) on host gut microbial community and adaptive immune system. Results Blastocystis ST4-colonized normal healthy mice and Rag1−/− mice asymptomatically and was able to alter the microbial community composition, mainly leading to increases in the proportion of Clostridia vadinBB60 group and Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, respectively. Blastocystis ST4 colonization promoted T helper 2 (Th2) response defined by interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13 cytokine production, and T regulatory (Treg) induction from colonic lamina propria in normal healthy mice. Additionally, we observed that Blastocystis ST4 colonization can maintain the stability of bacterial community composition and induce Th2 and Treg immune responses to promote faster recovery from experimentally induced colitis. Furthermore, fecal microbiota transplantation of Blastocystis ST4-altered gut microbiome to colitis mice reduced the severity of colitis, which was associated with increased production of short-chain fat acids (SCFAs) and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Conclusions The data confirm our hypothesis that Blastocystis ST4 is a beneficial commensal, and the beneficial effects of Blastocystis ST4 colonization is mediated through modulating of the host gut bacterial composition, SCFAs production, and Th2 and Treg responses in different murine colonization models.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental colonization with Blastocystis ST4 is associated with protective immune responses and modulation of gut microbiome in a DSS-induced colitis mouse model

Deng

Wojciech

Png

et al. 2022

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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“…After more than a century of research, the pathogenicity of Blastocystis remains questionable. Its presence in sufferers of chronic gastrointestinal illnesses including irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease has led to speculations about possible links to these disease states ( Dogruman-Al et al, 2009a ; Tan et al, 2010 ; Poirier et al, 2012 ; Cifre et al, 2018 ; Kesuma et al, 2019 ; Peña et al, 2020 ; Shirvani et al, 2020 ). However, recent studies have increasingly shown that Blastocystis is a frequent and stable inhabitant in the gut of hosts without gastrointestinal symptoms ( Scanlan et al, 2014 ; Mirjalali et al, 2017 ; Riabi et al, 2018 ; Yowang et al, 2018 ; Kataki et al, 2019 ; Lhotská et al, 2020 ; Padukone et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blastocystis One Health Approach in a Rural Community of Northern Thailand: Prevalence, Subtypes and Novel Transmission Routes

et al. 2021

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Blastocystis is the most commonly found eukaryote in the gut of humans and other animals. This protist is extremely heterogeneous genetically and is classified into 28 subtypes (STs) based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene. Numerous studies exist on prevalence of the organism, which usually focus on either humans or animals or the environment, while only a handful investigates all three sources simultaneously. Consequently, understanding of Blastocystis transmission dynamics remains inadequate. Our aim was to explore Blastocystis under the One Health perspective using a rural community in northern Thailand as our study area. We surveyed human, other animal and environmental samples using both morphological and molecular approaches. Prevalence rates of Blastocystis were 73% in human hosts (n = 45), 100% in non-human hosts (n = 44) and 91% in environmental samples (n = 35). Overall, ten subtypes were identified (ST1, ST2, ST3, ST4 ST5, ST6, ST7, ST10, ST23, and ST26), eight of which were detected in humans (ST1, ST2, ST3, ST4, ST5, ST7, ST10, and ST23), three in other animals (ST6, ST7, and ST23), while seven (ST1, ST3, ST6, ST7, ST10, ST23, and ST26) were found in the environment. In our investigation of transmission dynamics, we assessed various groupings both at the household and community level. Given the overall high prevalence rate, transmission amongst humans and between animals and humans are not as frequent as expected with only two subtypes being shared. This raises questions on the role of the environment on transmission of Blastocystis. Water and soil comprise the main reservoirs of the various subtypes in this community. Five subtypes are shared between humans and the environment, while three overlap between the latter and animal hosts. We propose soil as a novel route of transmission, which should be considered in future investigations. This study provides a thorough One Health perspective on Blastocystis. Using this type of approach advances our understanding on occurrence, diversity, ecology and transmission dynamics of this poorly understood, yet frequent gut resident.

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“…In that way, some studies suggest that some subtypes such as 1 and 3 are responsible of some gastrointestinal symptoms like abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, flatulence (4,5), which is not found in our study. We can highlight that in symptomatic individuals the presence of subtype 2 shows an association with IBS; whereas other study shows the same Blastocystis subtypes in IBS individuals (41,42). However, we could not support this association with the individual symptomatology showed by participants in our study due only four participants showed this condition syndrome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Molecular epidemiology of Blastocystis in urban and periurban human populations in Arequipa, Peru

Ascuña-Durand

Salazar-Sánchez

Cartillo-Neyra

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Blastocystis is one of the most common parasites found in the gut of humans and other hosts. It has a wide genetic diversity distributed around the world, predominating subtypes 1, 2 and 3 in South America countries. Nonspecific and inconsistent symptoms associated with this parasite made it controversial. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of subtypes and determinate the epidemiological conditions associated with them. A total of 116 Blastocystis positive stool samples were processed by conventional PCR with Blastocystis-specific primers for subtypes 1 to 3. We identified subtype 1 (10.3%), subtype 2 (7.6%), subtype 3 (25.0%) and mixed infections (8.6%). We did not identify these Blastocystis subtypes in 48.7% of stool samples, assuming the presence of other subtypes in the zone. Any association was found between gastrointestinal symptoms and single subtype infections neither with mixed subtypes coinfections. However, our results suggest an association of Blastocystis subtype 2 and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS, p=0.039). Besides, there was not an association between Blastocystis subtypes 1, 2 and 3 nor-mixed infections with epidemiological variables such as gender, age, presence of animals or vectors, places of food consumption, type of water consumption and water supply.

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Prevalence and Molecular Subtyping of Blastocystis from Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Chronic Urticaria in Iran

Cited by 37 publications

References 39 publications

Experimental colonization with Blastocystis ST4 is associated with protective immune responses and modulation of gut microbiome in a DSS-induced colitis mouse model

Experimental colonization with Blastocystis ST4 is associated with protective immune responses and modulation of gut microbiome in a DSS-induced colitis mouse model

Blastocystis One Health Approach in a Rural Community of Northern Thailand: Prevalence, Subtypes and Novel Transmission Routes

Molecular epidemiology of Blastocystis in urban and periurban human populations in Arequipa, Peru

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