Prevalence and molecular characterization of Eimeria species affecting backyard poultry of Jammu region, North India

Khursheed, Aiman; Yadav, Anish; Sofi, Omer Mohi-U-Din; Kushwaha, Anand; Yadav, Vikas; Rafiqi, Shafiya Imtiaz; Godara, Rajesh; Katoch, Rajesh

doi:10.1007/s11250-022-03290-9

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The prevalence of E. acervulina was 70.59%, for E. maxima 80.39%, and for E. tenella 53.59%. These species have also been reported in other studies [3,5,19,25,37,[58][59][60]. These results align with previous research indicating that E. acervulina, E. maxima, and E. tenella are commonly detected species worldwide [51,[61][62][63].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Moreover, E. tenella and E. necatrix are considered the most pathogenic species [47,61,63]. The prevalence of E. necatrix was 52.20%, a higher value compared to other studies [6,19,47,59], while in other studies, some authors did not detect it [3,60]. The presence of E. necatrix is less likely in broiler chickens, but it is more common in older birds and in tropical regions [61].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The quantity of Eimeria oocysts is positively related to the level of humidity [70]. Similarly, higher ambient-relative humidity is associated with increased oocyst excretion [48,59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Eimeria spp. in Broiler Chickens from Pichincha and Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Ecuador

Cevallos-Gordon,

Molina,

Radman

et al. 2024

Pathogens

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Coccidiosis in chickens is a parasitic disease of economic importance for the poultry industry. In Ecuador, there is limited information regarding the prevalence of Eimeria spp. on commercial broiler farms. Therefore, a total of 155 poultry farms in the provinces of Pichincha and Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas were surveyed. The analysis of fresh fecal samples was conducted to determine the parasitic load of six of the seven chicken Eimeria species (excluding E. mitis) through multiplex PCR. Additionally, an epidemiological survey was performed to assess the risk factors associated with the infection using a multivariable logistic regression model. All samples tested positive for the presence of Eimeria spp., despite the farmers having implemented prophylactic measures, and no clinical coccidiosis cases were recorded. The parasitic load varied between 25 and 69,900 oocyst per gram. The species prevalence was as follows: Eimeria spp. 100%, E. maxima 80.4%, E. acervulina 70.6%, E. praecox 55.4%, E. tenella 53.6%, E. necatrix 52.2%, and E. brunetti 30.8%. The main species combination was E. cervuline, E. maxima, E. necatrix, and E. praecox (23.90%), followed by E. tenella, as a unique species (10.69%), and then E. acervulina, E. maxima, and E. praecox (8.81%). It was observed that farms operated by independent producers had a higher amount of Eimeria spp. and higher probability of the presence of E. brunetti, E. necatrix, E. praecox, and E. tenella. Poultry houses located below 1300 m above sea level were associated with a higher parasitic load and the presence of E. brunetti. Birds younger than 35 days of age and from open-sided poultry houses (with rudimentary environmental control) had a higher probability of presenting E. maxima. Drinking water from wells increased the risk of E. praecox presence. Research aimed at designing control strategies to improve health management on poultry farms in the region would help minimize the impact of coccidiosis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Eimeria spp. in Broiler Chickens from Pichincha and Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Ecuador

Cevallos-Gordon,

Molina,

Radman

et al. 2024

Pathogens

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“…Our descriptions of the sporulated oocysts of E. acervulina showed a high degree of similarity to the previous description made by Idriss et al (2019). In comparing the present Eimeria with E. acervulina of other studies have been described, the following observations can be made: (i) Morphometric data of E. acervulina oocysts in the present study is larger than those described by Kucera and Reznický (1991) and Khursheed et al (2022). (ii) The oocyst shape was ovoid except for those described by Williams et al (2009) and Nguyen et al (2021) which mentioned the polymorphic nature of the oocysts, which can be sub‐spherical and/or ellipsoidal, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Identification of Eimeria acervulina (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) infecting the broiler chicken Gallus gallus domesticus through morphology and molecular analyses

Mohammed,

Al‐Shaebi,

Al‐Quraishy

et al. 2023

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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Coccidiosis is an intestinal protozoan disease that affects the poultry industry worldwide. The severity of this disease varies depending on the identity of the infectious agents. Therefore, this study was carried out to identify the Eimeria species that affect broiler chickens, Gallus gallus domesticus, through morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Twenty‐five faecal samples were collected from the broiler chickens in a commercial poultry farm in Riyadh (Saudi Arabia). Using the floatation technique, faeces were examined microscopically for the Eimeria occurrence. Identification of Eimeria species was performed based on morphological criteria and molecular tools (DNA amplification for the partial small subunit ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA), internal transcribed spacer (ITS)‐1, and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) genes. In this study, 32% (8 out of 25) of collected samples were found to be positive for coccidiosis. After sporulation in potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), the sporulated oocysts were observed as ovoid and measured 18.37–23.19 µm (19.87) long and 15.07–18.67 µm (16.46) wide, with the anterior location of a polar granule and absence of micropyle. These Eimeria oocysts were assumed to size and shape characteristics of Eimeria acervulina. Molecular analysis was conducted on the sequences of the polymerase chain reaction products from the three genes studied (18S rRNA, ITS‐1, and COI). At the three genes, results showed that the resultant sequences clustered with E. acervulina from different regions confirming morphological description. This study highlighted the importance of molecular techniques to detect avian Eimeria species more than the traditional morphology‐based tool to optimise the appropriate anticoccidial strategies for long‐term control in the studied area.

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“…Reports of coccidiosis in backyard productions stated a prevalence of Eimeria spp. ranging from 25.8 to 85.7% [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Do We Know about Surface Proteins of Chicken Parasites Eimeria?

Britez,

Rodriguez,

Di Ciaccio

et al. 2023

Life

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Poultry is the first source of animal protein for human consumption. In a changing world, this sector is facing new challenges, such as a projected increase in demand, higher standards of food quality and safety, and reduction of environmental impact. Chicken coccidiosis is a highly widespread enteric disease caused by Eimeria spp. which causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide; however, the impact on family poultry holders or backyard production—which plays a key role in food security in small communities and involves mainly rural women—has been little explored. Coccidiosis disease is controlled by good husbandry measures, chemoprophylaxis, and/or live vaccination. The first live vaccines against chicken coccidiosis were developed in the 1950s; however, after more than seven decades, none has reached the market. Current limitations on their use have led to research in next-generation vaccines based on recombinant or live-vectored vaccines. Next-generation vaccines are required to control this complex parasitic disease, and for this purpose, protective antigens need to be identified. In this review, we have scrutinised surface proteins identified so far in Eimeria spp. affecting chickens. Most of these surface proteins are anchored to the parasite membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) molecule. The biosynthesis of GPIs, as well as the role of currently identified surface proteins and interest as vaccine candidates has been summarised. The potential role of surface proteins in drug resistance and immune escape and how these could limit the efficacy of control strategies was also discussed.

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Prevalence and molecular characterization of Eimeria species affecting backyard poultry of Jammu region, North India

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Eimeria spp. in Broiler Chickens from Pichincha and Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Ecuador

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Eimeria spp. in Broiler Chickens from Pichincha and Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Ecuador

Identification of Eimeria acervulina (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) infecting the broiler chicken Gallus gallus domesticus through morphology and molecular analyses

What Do We Know about Surface Proteins of Chicken Parasites Eimeria?

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