Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara cati Among Stray and Household Cats and Cat Owners in Tehran, Iran

Karimi, Poorya; Shafaghi-Sisi, Soheila; Meamar, Ahmad Reza; Nasiri, Gelareh; Razmjou, Elham

doi:10.3389/fvets.2022.927185

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Animals, particularly cats and dogs, are the major source of infection for the Toxocara life cycle and are considered an eligible risk factor for toxocariasis and other soil-transmitted parasites [ 31 , 36 ]. Inspecting toxocariasis in cat owners in the capital of Iran, Tehran, disclosed that 51% of the owners were infected with toxocariasis [ 37 ]. Furthermore, a significant association has been reported between Toxocara seropositivity and owning a dog [ 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Toxocariasis and Its Associated Risk Factors among Adult Population in Kavar District, Fars Province, South of Iran: A Cross-Sectional Community-Based Seroepidemiological Survey

Pezeshkian

Pouryousef

Omidian

et al. 2023

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases

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Toxocariasis as a common neglected disease is the culprit of infecting all age groups. The current cross-sectional study was designed to assess the seroprevalence of toxocariasis and risk factors associated with seropositivity of Toxocara infection among the general population of adults in the Kavar district, south of Iran. A total of 1060 participants with an age range of 35 to 70 years from the Kavar region entered the study. Manual ELISA was utilized to detect anti-Toxocara-specific antibodies in their serum samples. In addition, demographic information as well as risk factors related to toxocariasis was collected from individuals who participated in the survey. The mean age of the participants was 48.9 (±7.9) years old. Out of 1060 subjects, 532 (50.2%) were men, and 528 (49.8%) were women. The overall Toxocara seroprevalence was 5.8% (61/1060). The prevalence of Toxocara seropositive cases was significantly different between males and females ( p = 0.023). The seropositive rate for Toxocara infection was also significantly higher in housewives ( p = 0.003) and subjects with learning disabilities ( p = 0.008). Multivariable logistic regression revealed that housewives (OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.18–3.51, p = 0.010) and subjects with learning disability (OR = 3.32, 95% CI: 1.29–8.52, p = 0.013) were at increased risk of Toxocara infection. The findings of the current study depicted a noticeable seroprevalence of Toxocara infection in the general population in the Kavar district, southern Iran. An increased risk of toxocariasis has been associated with learning disabilities and being a housewife. All of the toxocariasis-positive cases had contact with animals, at some point in their life. In perspective, it is necessary to raise awareness of this infection among the population while surveilling Toxocara infection in high-risk groups.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Toxocariasis and Its Associated Risk Factors among Adult Population in Kavar District, Fars Province, South of Iran: A Cross-Sectional Community-Based Seroepidemiological Survey

Pezeshkian

Pouryousef

Omidian

et al. 2023

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases

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“…Urban management planning must incorporate public health education. This will ensure that there is frequent urban cat deworming and healthcare worker training to prevent, control, and treat these diseases [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Possible Causes Linked to the Recent Upsurge in Toxoplasmosis Cases in Sudan's North Kordofan State

Regal,

Ibraheim,

Abdallah

et al. 2024

IJHMNP

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Purpose: Toxoplasmosis is a prevalent parasitic ailment that has been detected in a wide range of warm-blooded organisms, encompassing both domesticated animals and human hosts. This study aimed to investigate potential risk factors associated with the increasing incidence of toxoplasmosis in North Kordofan State, Sudan. Methodology: This descriptive investigation was undertaken in El-Obeid, North Kordofan State, Sudan, between January and March of 2024. Around 155 samples were acquired from women who had undergone miscarriages or had a prior history of miscarriage. A venous blood sample was collected from every participant in order to perform serological analyses, such as ICT and ELISA. Results: The study group had a prevalence rate of 11.6% for Toxoplasma infection. The positive instances were evenly distributed across all age groups. The highest number of positive cases were observed among individuals with secondary education, followed by those with basic education and university education, accounting for 44.4%, 27.8%, and 16.7%, respectively. The majority of positive cases, accounting for 94.4%, have reported "cat contact." The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for cat contact in toxoplasmosis is 7.7766 (1.0023 to 60.3384), with a p-value of 0.05 Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: Toxoplasmosis exhibits a high prevalence throughout the North Kordofan state of Sudan, maybe contributing to the heightened incidence of miscarriage within the region. The primary mode of transmission of infection is through contact with cats.

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“…The DNA of fecal samples of 132 and 33 stray and household cats previously collected 17 were included in this study, along with 33 fecal samples collected from cat owners from January to September 2019, simultaneously collecting the fecal samples of their cats in Tehran (35.6892° N, 51.3890° E), Iran. In addition, demographic data concerning the age, sex, breed, weight, and residence area of cats, as well as the age, sex, and residence area of cat owners, were recorded.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cat owners reported no particular clinical symptoms at the sampling time in themselves or their cats. First, the sucrose flotation procedure was performed on 33 human fecal samples for concentrating oocysts/cysts of Cryptosporidium / Giardia 17 , 18 . Then, the DNA of samples was extracted using the QIAamp DNA Mini Kit following the manufacturer’s instructions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular identification of Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Blastocystis from stray and household cats and cat owners in Tehran, Iran

Karimi

Shafaghi-Sisi

Meamar

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, and blastocystosis are among the most important parasitic diseases common between humans and cats. In addition, there are concerns about the possible transmission of zoonotic parasites from infected cats to humans. Hence, we investigated the molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Blastocystis sp. in stray and household cats and cat owners. Our study was performed on 132, 33, and 33 fecal samples of stray and household cats, as well as cat owners in Tehran, Iran. Cryptosporidium spp. was identified using a nested PCR targeting the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU rRNA) and sequencing the internal amplified fragments. Furthermore, to perform multilocus genotyping of G. duodenalis, the ß-giardin (bg), glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), and triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) genes were amplified to assess the DNA of G. duodenalis in the fecal samples of cats and cat owners. In addition, Blastocystis was detected by targeting the SSU rRNA gene, and the subtypes of Blastocystis were determined via the sequencing of amplicons. Cryptosporidium felis and Cryptosporidium canis were detected in seven stray cats (5.3%) and one household cat (3%). The bg gene of G. duodenalis was amplified and successfully sequenced in two (1.5%) stray cats and revealed assemblages F and B of G. duodenalis. Sequencing and phylogenic analysis of SSU rRNA gene nucleotide sequences of Blastocystis detected ST5 and ST10 in stray cats (1.5%), ST1 in household cats (9.1%), and ST1, ST2, ST3, and ST7 in owners (30.3%). The low prevalence of Cryptosporidium, Giardia and Blastocystis in cats and the presence of species/assemblages/subtypes with limited zoonotic potential indicate that cats had a minor role in their owners' infection in the investigated population. However, the presence of zoonotic protozoa in cats suggests the necessity of special attention to high-risk individuals during close contact with cats. Therefore, it is recommended that veterinarians, physicians, and urban managers plan to prevent, control, or treat these parasites to help the urban community live healthily alongside cats.

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Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara cati Among Stray and Household Cats and Cat Owners in Tehran, Iran

Cited by 8 publications

References 53 publications

Seroprevalence of Toxocariasis and Its Associated Risk Factors among Adult Population in Kavar District, Fars Province, South of Iran: A Cross-Sectional Community-Based Seroepidemiological Survey

Seroprevalence of Toxocariasis and Its Associated Risk Factors among Adult Population in Kavar District, Fars Province, South of Iran: A Cross-Sectional Community-Based Seroepidemiological Survey

Exploring Possible Causes Linked to the Recent Upsurge in Toxoplasmosis Cases in Sudan's North Kordofan State

Molecular identification of Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Blastocystis from stray and household cats and cat owners in Tehran, Iran

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