Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci (MRS) and Mammaliicocci (MRM) in Dromedary Camels from Algeria: First Detection of SCCmec-mecC Hybrid in Methicillin-Resistant Mammaliicoccus lentus

Belhout, Chahrazed; Boyen, Filip; Vereecke, Nick; Theuns, Sebastiaan; Taïbi, Nadia; Stegger, Marc; Fé-Rodríguez, Pedro Yoelvys de la; Bouayad, Leila; Elgroud, Rachid; Butaye, Patrick

doi:10.3390/antibiotics12040674

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(108 reference statements)

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“…A comprehensive WGS-based analysis of 441 bovine NAS isolates revealed a diverse repertoire of virulence genes, but a clear link between them and mastitis was not established [99]. In a recent study, the virulence profile of methicillin-resistant NAS and mammaliicocci (MRNASM) was investigated using WGS in the staphylococcal population of the nasal microbiota of dromedary camels from Algeria [100]. In agreement with the present results, among the MRNASM isolates, only S. epidermidis harbored virulence factors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Genomic Insights into Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci and Mammaliicocci from Bulk Tank Milk of Dairy Farms in Serbia

Kos,

Papić,

Golob

et al. 2023

Antibiotics

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The potential risk to human and animal health provides a rationale for research on methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) and mammaliicocci (MRM) in dairy herds. Here, we aimed to estimate their occurrence in the bulk tank milk (BTM) samples collected in 2019–2021 from 283 bovine dairy farms in the Belgrade district. We used whole-genome sequencing to characterize the obtained isolates and assess their genetic relatedness. A total of 70 MRS/MRM were recovered, most frequently Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Mammaliicoccus sciuri. Five clusters of 2–4 genetically related isolates were identified and epidemiological data indicated transmission through, e.g., farm visits by personnel or milk collection trucks. Most MRSA isolates belonged to the typical livestock-associated lineage ST398-t034. One MRSA isolate (ST152-t355) harbored the PVL-encoding genes. Since MRS/MRM isolates obtained in this study frequently harbored genes conferring multidrug resistance (MDR), this argues for their role as reservoirs for the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes. The pipeline milking system and total bacterial count >100,000 CFU/mL were significantly associated with higher occurrences of MRS/MRM. Our study confirms that BTM can be a zoonotic source of MRS, including MDR strains. This highlights the urgent need for good agricultural practices and the continuous monitoring of MRS/MRM in dairy farms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Genomic Insights into Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci and Mammaliicocci from Bulk Tank Milk of Dairy Farms in Serbia

Kos,

Papić,

Golob

et al. 2023

Antibiotics

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“… Geographical distribution of non- aureus staphylococci and Mammaliicoccus species carrying the mecC gene (data obtained from References [ 22 , 23 , 34 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ]). NB .…”

Section: Findings and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From our in silico analysis of the environment of mecC gene of all Mammaliicoccus species, it appears that this gene is encoded within a hybrid SCC mec element comprising mecA encoding SCC mec type VII [ 40 , 47 , 49 ]. This is very different from all other mecC -carrying non- aureus staphylococci, which were all in SCC mec type XI ( Figure 2 ).…”

Section: Findings and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the Wild MRSA: Genetic Features and Phylogenomic Review of mecC-Mediated Methicillin Resistance in Non-aureus Staphylococci and Mammaliicocci

Abdullahi,

Latorre-Fernández,

Reuben

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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Methicillin resistance, mediated by the mecA gene in staphylococci and mammaliicocci, has caused tremendous setbacks in the use of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine due to its high potential of presenting the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype. Three other mec analogs exist, of which the mecC has evolutionary been associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in wild animals, thus loosely referred to as the wild MRSA. In this study, we present an epidemiological review and genomic analysis of non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci that carry the mecC-mediated methicillin resistance trait determine whether this trait has any relevant link with the One Health niches. All previous studies (2007 till 2023) that described the mecC gene in non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci were obtained from bibliometric databases, reviewed, and systematically analyzed to obtain the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence determinants, mobilome, and other genetic contents. Moreover, core genome single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis was used to assess the relatedness of these strains. Of the 533 articles analyzed, only 16 studies (on livestock, environmental samples, milk bulk tanks, and wild animals) were eligible for inclusion, of which 17 genomes from 6 studies were used for various in silico genetic analyses. Findings from this systematic review show that all mecC-carrying non-aureus staphylococci were resistant to only beta-lactam antibiotics and associated with the classical SCCmec XI of S. aureus LGA251. Similarly, two studies on wild animals reported mecC-carrying Mammaliicoccus stepanovicii associated with SCCmec XI. Nevertheless, most of the mecC-carrying Mammaliicoccus species presented an MDR phenotype (including linezolid) and carried the SCCmec-mecC hybrid associated with mecA. The phylogenetic analysis of the 17 genomes revealed close relatedness (<20 SNPs) and potential transmission of M. sciuri and M. lentus strains in livestock farms in Algeria, Tunisia, and Brazil. Furthermore, closely related M. sciuri strains from Austria, Brazil, and Tunisia (<40 SNPs) were identified. This systematic review enhances our comprehension of the epidemiology and genetic organization of mecC within the non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci. It could be hypothesized that the mecC-carrying non-aureus staphylococci are evolutionarily related to the wild MRSA-mecC. The potential implications of clonal development of a lineage of mecA/mecC carrying strains across multiple dairy farms in a vast geographical region with the dissemination of MDR phenotype is envisaged. It was observed that most mecC-carrying non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci were reported in mastitis cases. Therefore, veterinarians and veterinary microbiology laboratories must remain vigilant regarding the potential existence of mecA/mecC strains originating from mastitis as a potential niche for this resistance trait.

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“…different MRSA strains and have implications for the strain's resistance profile, ability to spread, and pathogenic potential [70]. The varied distribution of SCCmec types among different population groups may reflect differences in exposure to different MRSA strains.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

A mapping review of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus proportions, genetic diversity, and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Cameroon

Keneh,

Kenmoe,

Bowo-Ngandji

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Background The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has increased and poses a significant threat to human and animal health in Cameroon and the world at large. MRSA strains have infiltrated various settings, including hospitals, communities, and livestock, contributing to increased morbidity, treatment costs, and mortality. This evidence synthesis aims to understand MRSA prevalence, resistance patterns, and genetic characterization in Cameroon. Methods The methodology was consistent with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Studies of any design containing scientific data on MRSA prevalence, genetic diversity, and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Cameroon were eligible for inclusion, with no restrictions on language or publication date. The search involved a comprehensive search strategy in several databases including Medline, Embase, Global Health, Web of Science, African Index Medicus, and African Journal Online. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the Hoy et al tool, and the results were synthesized and presented in narrative synthesis and/or tables and graphs. Results The systematic review analyzed 24 studies, mostly conducted after 2010, in various settings in Cameroon. The studies, characterized by moderate to low bias, revealed a wide prevalence of MRSA ranging from 1.9% to 46.8%, with considerable variation based on demographic and environmental factors. Animal (0.2%), food (3.2% to 15.4%), and environmental samples (0.0% to 34.6%) also showed a varied prevalence of MRSA. The genetic diversity of MRSA was heterogeneous, with different virulence gene profiles and clonal lineages identified in various populations and sample types. Antimicrobial resistance rates showed great variability in the different regions of Cameroon, with notable antibiotic resistance recorded for the beta-lactam, fluoroquinolone, glycopeptide, lincosamide, and macrolide families. Conclusion This study highlights the significant variability in MRSA prevalence, genetic diversity, and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Cameroon, and emphasizes the pressing need for comprehensive antimicrobial stewardship strategies in the country.

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Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci (MRS) and Mammaliicocci (MRM) in Dromedary Camels from Algeria: First Detection of SCCmec-mecC Hybrid in Methicillin-Resistant Mammaliicoccus lentus

Cited by 6 publications

References 75 publications

Genomic Insights into Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci and Mammaliicocci from Bulk Tank Milk of Dairy Farms in Serbia

Genomic Insights into Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci and Mammaliicocci from Bulk Tank Milk of Dairy Farms in Serbia

Beyond the Wild MRSA: Genetic Features and Phylogenomic Review of mecC-Mediated Methicillin Resistance in Non-aureus Staphylococci and Mammaliicocci

A mapping review of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus proportions, genetic diversity, and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Cameroon

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