Prevalence and Mean Intensity of Anisakidae Parasite in Seafood Caught in the Mediterranean Sea Focusing on Fish Species at Risk of Being Raw-consumed. A Meta Analysis and Systematic Review

Colombo, Fabio; Cattaneo, P.; Castelletti, Maddalena; Bernardi, Cristian

doi:10.1080/10408398.2012.755947

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…The infection appears to be more frequent in coastal areas, where there is a higher tendency to consume seafood. The results of the present retrospective study are in agreement with other studies claiming that the disease is more widespread in the regions of Southern and Central Italy (Abruzzo, Molise, Campania, Puglia, and Sicily) [ 34 ]. On the contrary, no marked geographical differences were found in the recent study conducted in France [ 119 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Despite the strict selection applied, the number of cases detected is higher than the number indicated in other recent Italian studies [ 34 , 38 ]. In addition, although great efforts were made during the bibliographic investigation, it is known that other cases (not described in the literature) are also reported annually by the health authorities, mainly in regions of Central and Southern Italy [ 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…However, the real occurrence of anisakiasis in the Italian population could be underestimated, since scientific data are scattered and hospital reports are generally not published. As a consequence, contrasting estimates of the number of cases can be found [ 34 , 38 , 51 , 76 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human anisakiasis in Italy: a retrospective epidemiological study over two decades

et al. 2018

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A retrospective analysis on human anisakiasis in Italy since its first description in 1996 was performed by conducting a literature search. Inclusion criteria based on the presence of a larva and on parasite identification were applied. Epidemiological data and clinical features were analysed. Particular attention was paid to the source of infection. In total, 73 cases were included in the analysis, while 34 were excluded. Cases were reported from eight Italian regions, most frequently Abruzzo, Apulia and Latium. The parasite was detected by endoscopy (51.4%) or laparotomy (48.6%). The site of infection was intestinal (42.5%), gastric (43.8%), oesophageal (1.4%) or ectopic (12.3%). Most of the parasites (71.0%) were identified as Anisakis sp. or A. simplex (s.l.). However, when molecular methods were used (21 cases), A. pegreffii was always identified. In most of the patients (65.7%), the source of infection was raw or undercooked anchovies, followed by “anchovies or sardines” (15.1%), generic “raw seafood” (15.1%), and sardines (1.4%). In only 2 cases (2.7%), the source was not available. This is the first systematic analysis of Italian cases of anisakiasis. The main conclusions derived from the results are: i) attention should be given to the history, in particular when raw marinated anchovies, proven to be the main source of human anisakiasis in Italy, are consumed; ii) in order to assess correct epidemiological data, a confirmed and specific etiological identification should always be sought.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

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Human anisakiasis in Italy: a retrospective epidemiological study over two decades

et al. 2018

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“…However, there is a wide range of research available concerning the nematodes that infect anchovy and sardine in the Mediterranean (e.g. Rello et al 2009;Gutiérrez-Galindo et al 2010;Cavallero et al 2015;Zorica et al 2016) and, in general, such studies have reported a relatively low prevalence of nematodes in these two species, ranging from 0 to 25%, with low values for overall prevalence when data from different studies were pooled (<3% in the case of Anisakids in the meta analysis conducted by Colombo et al 2016). In a study by Rello et al (2008), H. aduncum was the only Anisakid parasite found in sardines from the southern and eastern coasts of Spain, with a total prevalence of 11.85%.…”

Section: Parasitismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid composition and parasitism of European sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) populations in the northern Catalan Sea in the context of changing environmental conditions

Biton-Porsmoguer

Bou

Alcaide

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The status of sardine and anchovy populations in the northern Mediterranean Sea has been declining in recent decades. In this study, fatty acids and parasitism at different reproductive and feeding stages in these two species were assessed using specimens caught along the northern Catalan coast, in order to assess the links between lipid dynamics, reproduction and feeding in these two species, and to contribute towards an explanation of the potential causes of the current situation of the stocks. The results support the use of fatty acid levels as indicators of the body condition of sardine and anchovy at different reproductive and feeding stages, as well as that of the pelagic environmental conditions. In particular, the relatively low n-3 PUFA levels (which are crucial for reproductive success) found in spawning sardines compared to spawning anchovies indicate a poorer reproductive health status of sardine. By comparing the current total lipid content values with those recorded in other Mediterranean and North Atlantic areas, and, others from more than ten years ago, in the adjacent area of the Gulf of Lion, our study reveals the persistent poor condition of sardine and anchovy in the northern Catalan Sea. Furthermore, the low levels of diatom fatty acid markers observed throughout the spawning and non-spawning seasons in both sardine and anchovy, indicate a diet poor in diatoms. Moreover, the results indicate that it is very unlikely that parasitism is a significant factor in the decline in condition of sardine and anchovy in the northern Catalan Sea. In fact, the results suggest that the current poor condition of sardine and anchovy in the northern Catalan Sea has been exacerbated by a decrease in plankton productivity and/or a shift in the taxonomic composition of phytoplankton communities, adding to the ongoing effects of overfishing.

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“…Cipriani et al, 2016; Daschner et al, 1998; Mattiucci et al, 2013). In fact, even though according to a recent systematic review(Colombo et al, 2016) the overall prevalence values are quite low, particularly high values have been reported in some areas, such as in Sardinia (Piras et al, 2014) and Croatia (Mladineo and Poljak, 2014). The zoonotic infection, known as anisakidosis, is acquired through the consumption of raw or undercooked marine fish or cephalopods infected by third stage larvae of Anisakidae nematodes, most frequently belonging to Anisakis and Pseudoterranova genera (Lymbery and Cheah, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Visceral larvae as a predictive index of the overall level of fish batch infection in European anchovies ( Engraulis encrasicolus ): A rapid procedure for Food Business Operators to assess marketability

Guardone

Nucera

Pergola

et al. 2017

International Journal of Food Microbiology

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The European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus), one of the most important pelagic fish resources in the Mediterranean Sea, is frequently infected by anisakid larvae. Food Business Operators (FBOs) should use appropriate sampling plans and analytical methods to avoid commercialization of massively infected batches and reduce the risk of transmission of viable zoonotic larvae. In this study, performed at FishLab (Department of Veterinary Sciences of the University of Pisa) during 2016, an official sampling plan was associated with a digestion protocol for the inspection of anchovies. Considering that anisakid larvae are usually located in the fish visceral cavity and in the adjacent muscles (VM), this part was analyzed. In particular, we assessed the reliability of the digestion of a subsample of 150g (±30g) of VM, randomly collected from 29 specimens, in estimating the marketability of the anchovies' batch. Fifty-seven samples of 29 anchovies were collected. Each anchovy was sectioned to separate VM. All the subsamples were digested, and visible larvae counted. A high correlation between the number of larvae in VM regions and in the total batch was observed, indicating a very significant contribution of the VM region on total number of parasites. The Mean Abundance (MA) was used to assess the batch marketability according to a threshold calculated on the basis of the maximum number of nematodes tolerated per sample. Considering that the MA can be calculated only when the number of examined specimens is known, the number of visible Larvae per gram of tissue (LpG) was calculated on 150g (±30g) of VM subsamples. A LpG marketability threshold was calculated dividing the maximum number of tolerated nematodes by the average weight of a sample of 29 anchovies calculated considering data available in literature. To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the LpG threshold, the marketability of 57 batches assessed on the basis of the MA threshold was assumed as the gold standard. The proposed LpG showed very high Specificity and Sensitivity. These findings suggest that the analysis of VM is representative of the overall infestation of the batch, both when considering the absolute number of parasites and the LpG, and may represent a valid alternative to the whole anchovy digestion. In particular, the use of an automated digestive method, coupled with the aforesaid sampling plan, could allow the procedure to be used by FBOs in operational conditions.

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Prevalence and Mean Intensity of Anisakidae Parasite in Seafood Caught in the Mediterranean Sea Focusing on Fish Species at Risk of Being Raw-consumed. A Meta Analysis and Systematic Review

Cited by 10 publications

References 66 publications

Human anisakiasis in Italy: a retrospective epidemiological study over two decades

Human anisakiasis in Italy: a retrospective epidemiological study over two decades

Fatty acid composition and parasitism of European sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) populations in the northern Catalan Sea in the context of changing environmental conditions

Visceral larvae as a predictive index of the overall level of fish batch infection in European anchovies ( Engraulis encrasicolus ): A rapid procedure for Food Business Operators to assess marketability

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