Prevalence and Incidence of the Xyy Syndrome and Klinefelter's Syndrome I N an Institution for Criminal Psycho Paths

Report of Sex Chromosome Abnormalities in Mentally Retarded Male Offenders Including a Psychological Study of Patients With Xyy and Xxyy Karyotypes

“…In 1956 Jacobs et al described the association of XYY sex chromosome constitution with mental retardation, unusual tallness and aggressive behaviour. In the Scottish special security hospital and similar institutions in other countries the same association was observed (Goodman et al, 1967;Wiener et al, 1968;Nielsen et al, 1969b;Nielsen et al, 1969c;and Noel et al, 1969). Other sex chromosome aberrations were observed among criminals, especially Klinefelter's syndrome with an XXY and XXYY karyotype.…”

“…In recent years a number of papers have described cases of sex chromosome abnormalities in patients from Danish state hospitals, special security hospitals and youth prisons (Nielsen, 1968(Nielsen, , 1969Nielsen et al, 1969a;Nielsen et al, 1969b;Nielsen et al, 1969c;Nielsen, 1970Nielsen, , 1971and Nielsen and Henriksen, 1972). In Denmark offenders whose intelligence level is subnormal are generally referred to institutions for the mentally retarded, and have, therefore, not been included in the previous studies.…”

In Search of the Mommy Gene: Truth and Consequences in Behavioral Genetics

“…Significantly, the claims, inferences, speculations, and mere conjectures about causal relationships between specific genes and specific behaviors have become more incendiary. While it is true that no one asserts anymore that men with an extra Y chromosome are preternaturally prone to violence and criminal recidivism at an alarmingly high rate because of their extra ''maleness,'' as was exciting and fashionable a few decades ago (Jacobs et al 1965;Welch, Borgaonkar, and Herr 1967;Nielsen et al 1969), similar claims of genetic determinism abound. Behaviors we care and worry about, such as suicidal tendencies (Gibb et al 2006), aggression (Mejia et al 2002;Miczek et al 2007;Jensen et al 2008), antisocial behavior (Prichard et al 2007), reactions to stress (Takagi et al 2006;Gallitano-Mendel et al 2007), and even love (Emanuele et al 2007), are all the focus of intense research efforts aimed toward elucidating details of the genetics of social interactions and phenotypes.…”

Thirty-five males with double Y chromosome

“…The distribution of the 35 males according to type of study is shown in Table 1. The incidence and prevalence studies in which the 35 patients were identified, have been described previously (Nielsen et al, 1969a;Nielsen et al, 1969b;Nielsen 19.70;Friedrich et al, 1971;Nielsen 1971;Nielsen and Henriksen, 1972;Christensen and Nielsen, 1973;Friedrich and Nielsen, 1973;Nielsen et al, 1973;Zeuthen et al, 1974).…”