Prevalence and Geographic Distribution of Vector-Borne Pathogens in Apparently Healthy Dogs in Croatia

Mrljak, Vladimir; Kuleš, Josipa; Mihaljević, Željko; Torti, Marin; Gotić, Jelena; Crnogaj, Martina; Živičnjak, Tatjana; Mayer, Iva; Šmit, Iva; Bhide, Mangesh; Rafaj, Renata Barić

doi:10.1089/vbz.2016.1990

Cited by 40 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…ticks are common, it would be expected that the pathogens related to this tick species would be also prevalent [ 15 , 24 , 60 ]. However, comparing the present study with other recent studies from Croatia [ 61 ], Greece [ 62 , 63 ], Corsica [ 64 ], Cyprus [ 65 ], Tunisia [ 66 ] and Israel [ 67 ], it is evident that E. canis , Hepatozoon spp. Babesia spp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Does co-infection with vector-borne pathogens play a role in clinical canine leishmaniosis?

et al. 2018

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BackgroundThe severity of canine leishmaniosis (CanL) due to Leishmania infantum might be affected by other vector-borne organisms that mimic its clinical signs and clinicopathological abnormalities. The aim of this study was to determine co-infections with other vector-borne pathogens based on serological and molecular techniques in dogs with clinical leishmaniosis living in Spain and to associate them with clinical signs and clinicopathological abnormalities as well as disease severity.MethodsSixty-one dogs with clinical leishmaniosis and 16 apparently healthy dogs were tested for Rickettsia conorii, Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Bartonella henselae antigens by the immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) and for E. canis, Anaplasma spp., Hepatozoon spp., Babesia spp. and filarioid DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).ResultsAmong the dogs examined by IFAT, the seroprevalences were: 69% for R. conorii, 57% for E. canis, 44% for A. phagocytophilum and 37% for B. henselae; while the prevalences found by PCR were: 8% for Ehrlichia/Anaplasma, 3% for Anaplasma platys and 1% for H. canis. No other pathogen DNA was detected. Statistical association was found between dogs with clinical leishmaniosis and seroreactivity to R. conorii antigen (Fisher’s exact test: P = 0.025, OR = 4.1, 95% CI = 1–17) and A. phagocytophilum antigen (Fisher’s exact test: P = 0.002, OR = 14.3, 95% CI = 2–626) and being positive to more than one serological or molecular tests (co-infections) (Mann-Whitney test: U = 243, Z = -2.6, n1 = 14, n2 = 61, P = 0.01) when compared with healthy dogs. Interestingly, a statistical association was found between the presence of R. conorii, E. canis, A. phagocytophilum and B. henselae antibodies in sick dogs and some clinicopathological abnormalities such as albumin and albumin/globulin ratio decrease and increase in serum globulins. Furthermore, seroreactivity with A. phagocytophilum antigens was statistically associated with CanL clinical stages III and IV.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that dogs with clinical leishmaniosis from Catalonia (Spain) have a higher rate of co-infections with other vector-borne pathogens when compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, positivity to some vector-borne pathogens was associated with more marked clinicopathological abnormalities as well as disease severity with CanL.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Does co-infection with vector-borne pathogens play a role in clinical canine leishmaniosis?

et al. 2018

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“…Data on dominance of the seropositive for Anaplasma spp. were presented by our neighboring countries like Serbia (19,20), Croatia (21), and Romania (22). Results, similar to ours, were reported in Italy (23) that revealed seroprevalence of 7.07% for E. canis, and 4.68% for A. phagocytophilum, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Comparison of a Rapid Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbant Assay Test With an Indirect Immunofluorescent Antibody Test in Diagnosing Ehrlichia and Anaplasma Infections in Dogs

Кр.¹,

Zhelev²,

Петров³

2019

TJS

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PURPOSE: The objective of this study is to compare the diagnostic value of commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFA) in detecting immunoglobulin-G (IgG) antibodies to Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. METHODS: Seventy-four serum samples, obtained from dogs believed to be naturally infected with E. canis or A. phagocytophilum, were analyzed. RESULTS: By ELISA, 48 (64.9%) samples were found positive for IgG to E. canis, 10 (13.5%) to A. phagocytophilum, 12 (16.2%) to both E. canis and A. phagocytophilum, and in 4 (5.4%) samples no presence of antibodies was detected. The number of serologically positive dogs for IgG was 44 (59.5%) to E. canis, 10 (13.5%) to A. phagocytophilum, 16 (21.6%) to both E. canis and A. phagocytophilum, and 4 (5.4%) were determined negative by means of IFA. In most samples the antibody titer did not exceed 1:80 but in 5 it reached a level of 1:320, and in other 4 of even above 1:640. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that IFA assay is more sensitive than commercial ELISA rapid test when serum antibody titers are low.

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“…infections depends on various factors, such as various diagnostic techniques used for detection, country and population analyzed, as well as species of Babesia under investigation [34]. Seroprevalence depends also on use/lifestyle, and it was signifi cantly higher in hunting/mixed dogs and shelter/ outdoor dogs compared to companion/indoor animals [35]. The survey conducted in Western Romania confi rmed that hunting lifestyle is a major risk for acquiring B. canis infection [36].…”

Section: Taxonomy and Geographic Distributionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Canine Babesiosis: Where Do We Stand?

et al. 2018

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Canine babesiosis is a tick-borne disease caused by protozoal haemoparasites of different Babesia species. Babesiosis is one of the most important globally extended and quickly spreading tick-borne infections of dogs. This comprehensive review gives an in-depth overview of Babesia species currently identifi ed in dogs together with relevant vector tick species and their geographical distribution, life cycle and transmission of parasite. The main mechanisms in the pathogenesis of babesiosis are described and elucidated by recent literature overview. As Babesia infection causes a disease with very variable clinical manifestations, special attention is given to clinical signs, laboratory features and clinicopathological fi ndings. The diagnosis of canine babesiosis by microscopy, serological and molecular methods is reviewed, together with recent advances in mass spectrometry based assays. Accurate detection and species recognition are important for the selection of the appropriate therapy, monitoring and prediction of the outcome of the disease. Finally, guidelines for the treatment and prevention of canine babesiosis are given.

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Prevalence and Geographic Distribution of Vector-Borne Pathogens in Apparently Healthy Dogs in Croatia

Cited by 40 publications

References 63 publications

Does co-infection with vector-borne pathogens play a role in clinical canine leishmaniosis?

Does co-infection with vector-borne pathogens play a role in clinical canine leishmaniosis?

Comparison of a Rapid Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbant Assay Test With an Indirect Immunofluorescent Antibody Test in Diagnosing Ehrlichia and Anaplasma Infections in Dogs

Canine Babesiosis: Where Do We Stand?

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