Prevalence and genotype distribution of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in farmed raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Shandong Province, eastern China

Ma, Yuanyuan; Ma, Ye-Ting; Nie, Lan-Bi; Li, Tao-Shan; Peng, Jun-Jie; Cong, Wei; Zou, Yang; Zhu, Xing‐Quan

doi:10.1007/s00436-020-06693-5

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…As shown in ), while the infection rate in male foxes was slightly lower than that in female foxes. The infection rate in male raccoon dogs (8.17%, 95% CI: 5.67-10.67) was higher than that in female raccoon dogs (2.63%, 95% CI: 1.09-4.16), and this nding is in line with the results of previous studies [22,24]. Avermectin and doramectin were used for internal deworming in farms where the samples were collected in the present study.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The genotypes NCF2, NCF3, D, CHN-DC1, and SCF2 has been identi ed in foxes previously [5,20,23,[25][26][27][28][29], but the genotypes SCF2, CHN-F1, and BEB6 were rst identi ed in foxes in the present study. Raccoon dogs has been reported to be infected with genotypes NCF2, D, and Type previously [11,[20][21][22][23][24][25], but the genotypes NCF-3, EbpC, SCF-2, BEB4, and BEB6 were rst identi ed in raccoon dogs in the present study (see Table 2). Among them, genotypes BEB4 and BEB6 belong to the ITS group 2 which have not been reported to be found in foxes and raccoon dogs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Genotype D was rst identi ed in raccoon dogs which raised the concerns regarding its potential for transmission to humans [20]. Other genotypes including CHN-DC1, WildBoar3, CHN-R1, NCF2, CHN-F1, NCR2, NCR1, Korea-WL1, Korea-WL2, Korea-WL3, Korea-D, CHG1, Peru8, Type IV, and EbpA, all belong to ITS group 1, were also found in raccoon dogs [11,[20][21][22][23][24][25]. Although the epidemiological investigation of E. bieneusi in foxes rst began in 2003, it was not until 2014 when foxes were found to be infected with genotype D [26,27].Subsequently, genotypes CHN-F, EbpC, Type IV, Peru8, NCF1, NCF2, NCF3, NCF4, NCF5, NCF6, NCF7, CHN-DC1, SDF1, SDF2, Hum-q1, HND-1, and C, all belong to ITS group 1, were also identi ed in foxes [5,20,23,25,28,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular epidemiology of Enterocytozoon bieneusi from Foxes and Raccoon dogs in the Henan and Hebei Provinces

Chen

Wang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a zoonotic pathogen widely distributed in animals and humans. It can cause diarrhea and even death in immunocompromised hosts. Approximately 600 internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genotypes have been identified in E. bieneusi. E. bieneusi in foxes and raccoon dogs are known to have zoonotic potential. However, there are only a few studies about E. bieneusi genotype identification and epidemiological survey in foxes and raccoon dogs in Henan and Hebei province. Thus, the present study investigated the infection rates and genotypes of E. bieneusi in farmed foxes and raccoon dogs in the Henan and Hebei provinces.Result A total of 704 and 884 fecal specimens were collected from foxes and raccoon dogs, respectively. Nested PCR was conducted based on ITS of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and then multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was conducted to analyze the genotypes. The result showed that infection rates of E. bieneusi in foxes and raccoon dogs were 18.32% and 5.54%, respectively. Ten E. bieneusi genotypes with zoonotic potential ( NCF2, NCF3, D, EbpC, CHN-DC1, SCF2, CHN-F1, Type IV, BEB4, and BEB6) were identified in foxes and raccoon dogs. Totally 178 ITS-positive DNA specimens were identified from foxes and raccoon dogs and these specimens were then subjected to MLST analysis. In the MLST analysis, 12, 2, 7 and 8 genotypes were identified in at the mini-/ micro-satellite loci MS1, MS3, MS4 and MS7, respectively. A total of 14 multilocus genotypes were generated using ClustalX 2.1 software. Overall, the present study evaluated the infection of E. bieneusi in foxes and raccoon dogs in Henan and Hebei province, and investigated the zoonotic potential of the E. bieneusi in foxes and raccoon dogs.Conclusions These findings expand the geographic distribution information of E. bieneusi’ host in China and was helpful in preventing against the infection of E. bieneusi with zoonotic potential in foxes and raccoon dogs.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular epidemiology of Enterocytozoon bieneusi from Foxes and Raccoon dogs in the Henan and Hebei Provinces

Chen

Wang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…To the best of our knowledge, genotype HenanV was first found in dogs, and in fact it has been found in humans [ 39 ] and monkeys [ 40 ]. The presence of common zoonotic genotypes EbpA and Type IV were found dogs, which is consistent with previous studies in Colombia [ 41 ], Henan [ 40 ], Shandong [ 24 ] and Xinjiang [ 25 , 42 ] ( Table 3 ). Interestingly, two samples were positive for two genotypes in the study based on all of the genes being amplified at least three times and all PCR-positive products were sequenced successfully in both directions for accurate analysis, with one being positive for type SHZJD4 and Henan V, the other was positive for Henan V and Type IV.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In view of the molecular investigations of E. bieneusi infection in stray dogs worldwide, the infection rate varied from 0 to 20.5% [ 3 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Moreover, farm dogs were the most reported on the surveys of this parasite infection in China [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ] followed by pet dogs [ 3 , 25 , 26 ], with the highest infection rate of 40.74% in Hebei and 11.7% in Henan respectively. In other countries, the most E. bieneusi infection investigations of dogs were household dogs, with infection rate from 0.8% to 19.2% [ 15 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotyping and Zoonotic Potential of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Stray Dogs Sheltered from Shanghai, China

Liu

Shen

et al. 2021

Animals

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Microsporidia are considered to be highly diverged and specialized parasites, and can infect a wide variety of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most prevalent species in humans and various livestock, wildlife, and companion mammals. Dogs being the most popular companion animals of humans become more and more regarded. In this study, 272 fecal specimens were collected from stray dogs from Shanghai, but the dogs were adopted in a shelter in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China. E. bieneusi was examined by PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and sequence analysis. The total positive rate of E. bieneusi was 8.8% (24/272). Moreover, 8 genotypes were found, including three known (genotypes EbpA, Henan V and Type IV) and 5 novel genotypes (genotypes SHZJD1–5). Two samples were positive for two genotypes, one was positive fortype SHZJD4 and Henan V, the other was positive for Henan V and Type IV. In addition, phylogenetic analysis showed all genotypes obtained in this study were all clustered into the zoonotic group 1. Therefore, the risk of zoonotic transmission of pathogens such as E. bieneusi from stray dogs to humans potentially threaten human health, and it is time to strengthen their health management.

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Zoonotic parasites in farmed exotic animals in China: Implications to public health

Guo

Feng

et al. 2021

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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Several species of wild mammals are farmed in China as part of the rural development and poverty alleviation, including fur animals, bamboo rats, and macaque monkeys. Concerns have been raised on the potential dispersal of pathogens to humans and other farm animals brought in from native habitats. Numerous studies have been conducted on the genetic identity and public health potential of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis , and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in these newly farmed exotic animals. The data generated have shown a high prevalence of the pathogens in farmed wildlife, probably due to the stress from the short captivity and congregation of large numbers of susceptible animals. Host adaptation at species/genotype and subtype levels has reduced the potential for cross-species and zoonotic transmission of pathogens, but the farm environment appears to favor the transmission of some species, genotypes, and subtypes, with reduced pathogen diversity compared with their wild relatives. Most genotypes and subtypes of the pathogens detected appear to be brought in from their native habitats. A few of the subtypes have emerged as human pathogens. One Health measures should be developed to slow the dispersal of indigenous pathogens among farmed exotic animals and prevent their spillover to other farm animals and humans.

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Prevalence and genotype distribution of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in farmed raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Shandong Province, eastern China

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

Molecular epidemiology of Enterocytozoon bieneusi from Foxes and Raccoon dogs in the Henan and Hebei Provinces

Molecular epidemiology of Enterocytozoon bieneusi from Foxes and Raccoon dogs in the Henan and Hebei Provinces

Genotyping and Zoonotic Potential of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Stray Dogs Sheltered from Shanghai, China

Zoonotic parasites in farmed exotic animals in China: Implications to public health

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