Prevalence and genetic variation of salivary gland hypertrophy virus in wild populations of the tsetse fly Glossina pallidipes from southern and eastern Africa

Kariithi, Henry M.; Ahmadi, Mehrdad; Parker, Andrew G.; Franz, Gérald; Ros, V.I.D.; Haq, İhsan Ul; Elashry, Abdenaser; Vlak, Just M.; Bergoin, Max; Vreysen, Marc J. B.; Abd-Alla, Adly M. M.

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2012.04.016

Cited by 22 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Further screening will be performed to verify the status of colonized laboratory flies, and screening of feral populations from the three countries will continue in order to identify if there are any virus-free populations. Genetic analysis of GpHV from different regions of East Africa suggested a high degree of conservation enhancing the feasibility of a generic strategy for virus control (Kariithi et al, 2013). …”

Section: Current Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) for tsetse flies through research on their symbionts and pathogens

Abd-Alla¹,

Bergoin²,

Parker³

et al. 2013

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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Tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) are the cyclical vectors of the trypanosomes, which cause human African trypanosomosis (HAT) or sleeping sickness in humans and African animal trypanosomosis (AAT) or nagana in animals. Due to the lack of effective vaccines and inexpensive drugs for HAT, and the development of resistance of the trypanosomes against the available trypanocidal drugs, vector control remains the most efficient strategy for sustainable management of these diseases. Among the control methods used for tsetse flies, Sterile Insect Technique (SIT), in the frame of area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM), represents an effective tactic to suppress and/or eradicate tsetse flies. One constraint in implementing SIT is the mass production of target species. Tsetse flies harbor obligate bacterial symbionts and salivary gland hypertrophy virus which modulate the fecundity of the infected flies. In support of the future expansion of the SIT for tsetse fly control, the Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture implemented a six year Coordinated Research Project (CRP) entitled “Improving SIT for Tsetse Flies through Research on their Symbionts and Pathogens”. The consortium focused on the prevalence and the interaction between the bacterial symbionts and the virus, the development of strategies to manage virus infections in tsetse colonies, the use of entomopathogenic fungi to control tsetse flies in combination with SIT, and the development of symbiont-based strategies to control tsetse flies and trypanosomosis. The results of the CRP and the solutions envisaged to alleviate the constraints of the mass rearing of tsetse flies for SIT are presented in this special issue.

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Section: Current Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) for tsetse flies through research on their symbionts and pathogens

Abd-Alla¹,

Bergoin²,

Parker³

et al. 2013

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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“…SGHV infection is acquired vertically either through infected milk gland secretions or trans-ovum (Abd-Alla et al, 2010). It is present in several tsetse species including Glossina fuscipes fuscipes, Glossina pallidipes, Glossina swynnertoni and G. morsitans morsitans Kariithi et al, 2013;Malele et al, 2013). Often, SGHV is found to co-infect the host together with maternallytransmitted endosymbionts .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome frequency and their association with trypanosome infection in male Glossina morsitans centralis of Western Zambia

Mbewe¹,

Mweempwa²,

Guya

et al. 2015

Veterinary Parasitology

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“…In tsetse flies, the infection can exhibit two phenotypes; a chronic non-debilitating asymptomatic (latent) infection and an acute, symptomatic infection that leads to reproductive dysfunction and colony collapse [14]. Incidence of asymptomatic infections can be high in both field and colonized tsetse fly species [15]. Asymptomatic infections are most likely maintained through vertical transmission either via the milk gland secretions or through gonadal tissues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgenerational Transmission of the Glossina pallidipes Hytrosavirus Depends on the Presence of a Functional Symbiome

et al. 2013

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The vertically transmitted endosymbionts (Sodalis glossinidius and Wigglesworthia glossinidia) of the tsetse fly (Diptera: Glossinidae) are known to supplement dietary deficiencies and modulate the reproductive fitness and the defense system of the fly. Some tsetse fly species are also infected with the bacterium, Wolbachia and with the Glossina hytrosavirus (GpSGHV). Laboratory-bred G. pallidipes exhibit chronic asymptomatic and acute symptomatic GpSGHV infection, with the former being the most common in these colonies. However, under as yet undefined conditions, the asymptomatic state can convert to the symptomatic state, leading to detectable salivary gland hypertrophy (SGH+) syndrome. In this study, we investigated the interplay between the bacterial symbiome and GpSGHV during development of G. pallidipes by knocking down the symbionts with antibiotic. Intrahaemocoelic injection of GpSGHV led to high virus titre (109 virus copies), but was not accompanied by either the onset of detectable SGH+, or release of detectable virus particles into the blood meals during feeding events. When the F1 generations of GpSGHV-challenged mothers were dissected within 24 h post-eclosion, SGH+ was observed to increase from 4.5% in the first larviposition cycle to >95% in the fourth cycle. Despite being sterile, these F1 SGH+ progeny mated readily. Removal of the tsetse symbiome, however, suppressed transgenerational transfer of the virus via milk secretions and blocked the ability of GpSGHV to infect salivary glands of the F1 progeny. Whereas GpSGHV infects and replicates in salivary glands of developing pupa, the virus is unable to induce SGH+ within fully differentiated adult salivary glands. The F1 SGH+ adults are responsible for the GpSGHV-induced colony collapse in tsetse factories. Our data suggest that GpSGHV has co-evolved with the tsetse symbiome and that the symbionts play key roles in the virus transmission from mother to progeny.

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Prevalence and genetic variation of salivary gland hypertrophy virus in wild populations of the tsetse fly Glossina pallidipes from southern and eastern Africa

Cited by 22 publications

References 32 publications

Improving Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) for tsetse flies through research on their symbionts and pathogens

Improving Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) for tsetse flies through research on their symbionts and pathogens

Microbiome frequency and their association with trypanosome infection in male Glossina morsitans centralis of Western Zambia

Transgenerational Transmission of the Glossina pallidipes Hytrosavirus Depends on the Presence of a Functional Symbiome

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