Prevalence and genetic diversity of Enterobacter sakazakii in ingredients of infant foods

Kim, Kyumson; Jang, Sung Sik; Kim, Sung Ki; Park, Jong‐Hyun; Heu, Sunggi; Ryu, Sangryeol

doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.11.072

Cited by 79 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…As such an antibiotic resistance can easily spread within hospital wards and cause protracted outbreaks with high mortality and morbidity rates, strict infection control protocols are recommended (24). In the present study, 11.2% of isolates were resistant to ampicillin; similarly, previous studies performed by Kim et al (2008) (25) reported 31.6% of isolated strains were resistant to ampicillin.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Study of Cronobacter sakazakii Strains Isolated from Powdered Milk Infant Formula by Phenotypic and Molecular Methods in Iran

Mardaneh

Dallal

2016

Arch Pediatr Infect Dis

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Background: Cronobacter is a genus within the family Enterobacteriaceae and was previously known as Enterobacter sakazakii. Cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic ubiquitous bacterium and is identified throughout the world as an emerging food-borne pathogen. This pathogen causes meningitis, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and sepsis (septicemia) in patients hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units and has a high mortality and morbidity rate. Contamination of powdered infant milk formula occurs more easily because it is a nonsterilized product. Objectives: The aims of the present study were as follows: Isolation of Cronobacter sakazakii from powdered infant formula milk (PIF), confirmation of isolates by biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) molecular method, and characterization of an antibiotic susceptibility profile. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 125 powdered infant formula milk (PIF) samples purchased from hospital drug stores between June 2014 and March 2015. Cronobacter sakazakii was recovered according to FDA protocol. For the final confirmation of isolates, different biochemical tests embedded in the API-20E kit system and manual biochemical tests were used according to the directions of the manufacturer. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed on Mueller-Hinton agar by disk diffusion method according to CLSI recommendations. For molecular confirmation of isolates confirmed by biochemical tests, PCR was performed on 16S rRNA gene specific for Cronobacter sakazakii. Results: Out of the 125 PIF samples investigated, nine (7.2%) of the samples were positive for Cronobacter sakazakii. All C. sakazakii strains isolated from PIF samples were uniformly susceptible to ticarcillin, chloramphenicol, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam, and colistin. All isolates were confirmed by PCR. Conclusions: Results showed that PIF that is being consumed in Iran is contaminated with this pathogen and can cause disease in infants; especially those hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and fed PIF. The number of reported cases of Cronobacter infections is very low, but nevertheless there has been a slight increase recently. While the reported cases worldwide are few, it needs to be noted that the number of infections may be underestimated since not all clinical analysis laboratories carry out research on other bacterial pathogens, and not all countries have a system for reporting diseases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Study of Cronobacter sakazakii Strains Isolated from Powdered Milk Infant Formula by Phenotypic and Molecular Methods in Iran

Mardaneh

Dallal

2016

Arch Pediatr Infect Dis

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“…Kim et al summarized the susceptibility of Cronobacter spp. to tetracycline, and resistance toward ampicillin or cephalothin [21]. Our results also indicate that Cronobacter spp.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Cronobacter spp. showing tetracycline and chloramphenicol susceptibility were reported to be found at a higher ratio by other investigators [21,29,37]. Cronobacter spp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Prevalence and Characterization of Cronobacter spp. from Various Foods, Medicinal Plants, and Environmental Samples

2015

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Dairy or non-dairy based products were explored to determine the prevalence, molecular characterization, and antibiotic susceptibility of Cronobacter spp. The isolation was done as per ISO 22964:2006 on chromogenic media followed by further confirmation by biochemical- and 16S rRNA-based identification. From 219 samples, the chromogenic agar assay and biochemical tests yielded presumptive 45 isolates. Among them, only 36 isolates showed 282 bp band amplified from ITS-G gene confirming as Cronobacter sakazakii. The Cronobacter spp. prevalence was highest in herbs and spices (34 %) while environmental samples had contamination rates of 23 % indicating plants as a possible reservoir of this pathogen. All the isolates were resistant to β-lactam derivatives (68 %), macrolides (88.6 %), and aminoglycosides (79.9 %) but susceptible to phenicoles (31.6 %) and tetracyclines (15 %) derivatives. The results emphasize the screening of plant materials before their incorporation in food matrices.

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“…are a group of emerging opportunistic food-borne pathogens that causes rare cases of neonatal meningitis, septicemia, and enterocolitis (4,9,24,32,46). Typical vehicles of infection are temperature-abused, contaminated infant formula and dried food products, and these organisms have been cultured from a variety of food production environments (13,17,20). The Cronobacter genus consists of six species, Cronobacter sakazakii, C. malonaticus, C. muytjensii, C. turicensis, C. dublinensis (three subspecies, Cronobacter dublinensis subsp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Cronobacter Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen Gene Clusters and Development of Serotype-Specific PCR Assays

Jarvis

Grim

Franco

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Cronobacter (formerly Enterobacter sakazakii) is a recently defined genus consisting of six species, C. sakazakii, C. malonaticus, C. dublinensis, C. muytjensii, C. turicensis, and Cronobacter genomospecies 1. In this study, MboII restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns of O-antigen gene clusters, located between galF and gnd, were used to identify serotypes in Cronobacter spp. Seven O-antigen RFLP clusters were generated, including three C. sakazakii clusters, previously identified as serotypes O1, O2, and O3. The O-antigen regions of six strains with unique RFLP patterns, including two C. sakazakii strains, two C. malonaticus strains, one C. turicensis strain, and one C. muytjensii strain, revealed three O-antigen gene clusters shared among Cronobacter species. PCR assays were developed, targeting the wzx O-antigen polymerase gene, and used to screen 231 Cronobacter strains to determine the frequency of these newly identified serotypes.

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Prevalence and genetic diversity of Enterobacter sakazakii in ingredients of infant foods

Cited by 79 publications

References 37 publications

Study of Cronobacter sakazakii Strains Isolated from Powdered Milk Infant Formula by Phenotypic and Molecular Methods in Iran

Study of Cronobacter sakazakii Strains Isolated from Powdered Milk Infant Formula by Phenotypic and Molecular Methods in Iran

Prevalence and Characterization of Cronobacter spp. from Various Foods, Medicinal Plants, and Environmental Samples

Molecular Characterization of Cronobacter Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen Gene Clusters and Development of Serotype-Specific PCR Assays

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