Prevalence and genetic diversity of human caliciviruses (HuCVs) in Mexican children

Farkas, Tibor; Jiang, Xi; Guerrero, M. Lourdes; Zhong, Weiming; Wilton, Nouansy; Berke, Tamás; Matson, David O.; Pickering, Larry K.; Ruíz-Palacios, Guillermo M.

doi:10.1002/1096-9071(200010)62:2<217::aid-jmv13>3.0.co;2-f

Cited by 70 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…One early study indicates that the presence of SV-specific serum antibodies correlates with resistance to SV gastroenteritis (27). In one of our previous studies, 5.2% of the diarrhea and 3% of the nondiarrhea stool samples collected from Mexican children contained SV-specific sequences (8), indicating that SVs may cause a significant number of subclinical infections. Thus, future studies to better understand SV infection and immunity are warranted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…NVs are the leading cause of epidemic gastroenteritis, often causing large water-or food-borne outbreaks in all ages, while SVs are implicated mainly in pediatric gastroenteritis. In a study among Mexican children, we found that 19% of the sporadic acute gastroenteritis cases were associated with HuCVs and over a third of these were caused by SVs (8). Pang et al reported 20% and 9% detection rates for NVs and SVs, respectively, in stool specimens of children with acute gastroenteritis in Finland (31,32).…”

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confidence: 86%

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Development of an Enzyme Immunoassay for Detection of Sapovirus-Specific Antibodies and Its Application in a Study of Seroprevalence in Children

et al. 2006

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Sapoviruses (SVs) are an important cause of acute pediatric gastroenteritis. Due to the lack of appropriate diagnostic methods, the epidemiology of SV-associated illness remains poorly understood. Baculovirus and Escherichia coli expression systems were evaluated for the development of antibody detection enzyme immunoassays (EIA). Age-related antibody prevalence in children was studied using the new EIA. Because of the low yield of the baculovirus system, the E. coli-expressed SV capsid proteins were used to develop the EIA. The antigenic specificities of the E. coli-expressed SV capsid proteins were demonstrated using hyperimmune antisera raised in animals and sera collected from patients. A high prevalence (>90%) of antibodies to both SV (strain Mex340) and norovirus (strain VA387) was observed in children involved in a birth cohort at 20 to 24 months of age; however, at 1 to 3 months of age, <25% of the children possessed anti-SV antibodies versus >90% with anti-NV antibodies. The E. coli-derived SV proteins are an excellent source of antigens for the EIA. SV infection is common in the first 2 years of life. The low prevalence of maternal antibodies detected in Mexican children against SVs in this study is unique and needs to be addressed in future studies.The family Caliciviridae consists of four genera, Norovirus (NV), Sapovirus (SV), Lagovirus, and Vesivirus, from which NV and SV cause disease mainly in humans and therefore are also referred to as human caliciviruses (HuCVs) (9). NVs are the leading cause of epidemic gastroenteritis, often causing large water-or food-borne outbreaks in all ages, while SVs are implicated mainly in pediatric gastroenteritis. In a study among Mexican children, we found that 19% of the sporadic acute gastroenteritis cases were associated with HuCVs and over a third of these were caused by SVs (8). Pang et al. reported 20% and 9% detection rates for NVs and SVs, respectively, in stool specimens of children with acute gastroenteritis in Finland (31,32). It is generally accepted that SV gastroenteritis is less severe than that of rotavirus or NV; however, SVs have been detected in 1 to 3% of stool specimens collected from children hospitalized with gastroenteritis, indicating that SVs can cause severe illness (34,38,47). Also, with the increasing awareness of SV gastroenteritis and improved diagnostic methods, SVs were recently implicated in several gastroenteritis outbreaks in adult populations (22,43).Because of the lack of a suitable animal model and tissue culture system for the propagation of HuCVs (5), the study of these pathogens has advanced slowly since the description of the prototype Norwalk and Sapporo viruses in the 1970s (3, 23). The cloning and genomic characterization of the Norwalk virus (14) and subsequently other HuCVs opened the way for the development of diagnostic techniques, such as reverse transcription-PCR (16) and enzyme immunoassays (EIA) utilizing recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) (15, 17). These techniques proved to be superior to previously use...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

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confidence: 86%

Development of an Enzyme Immunoassay for Detection of Sapovirus-Specific Antibodies and Its Application in a Study of Seroprevalence in Children

et al. 2006

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“…This indicates that norovirus infections among children are as common as in adults. Further support for this is provided by reports from other parts of the world of a higher incidence of norovirus infections among children (6,11,18). In the last two seasons, the positive rates among children were 11 and 15%, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Several reports indicate that 7 to 9% of acute gastroenteritis cases among young children are caused by norovirus (12,16,20,22). However, other studies have reported higher incidence rates, ranging from 15.7 to 20% (6,11,18).…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of Norovirus Infections in Stockholm, Sweden, during the Years 2000 to 2003: Association of the GGIIb Genetic Cluster with Infection in Children

et al. 2005

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The incidence of norovirus-associated gastroenteritis and the molecular epidemiology of norovirus strains were studied during three seasons (2000-2001, 2001-2002, and 2002-2003) among patients of all ages, mainly from the Stockholm region in Sweden. A total of 3,252 fecal samples were analyzed by reverse transcription-PCR. The incidences of norovirus infection among adults were 23, 26, and 30% during the three seasons studied and 18, 11, and 15% among children 0 to 15 years of age. During the first season, all norovirus strains detected by PCR were typed either by reverse line blot hybridization or nucleotide sequence analysis. During the two successive seasons, a total of 60 norovirus-positive strains from the beginning, peak, and end of the seasons were selected for nucleotide sequence analysis. We identified two dominant norovirus variants over the seasons: a new norovirus variant, recently described as the GGIIb genetic cluster, dominated among children during the first season, and during the following two seasons, a GGII-4 variant dominated. Our data suggest that norovirus infections are common, not only among adults, but also among children, and that some strains may predominantly affect children.

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“…The high frequency of GII noroviruses in children has often been reported (4,5,10,14,16,25). However, few data are available concerning the distribution of norovirus strains in outbreaks occurring in children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of Caliciviruses Detected in Sporadic and Outbreak Cases of Gastroenteritis in France from December 1998 to February 2004

et al. 2005

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We compiled sequence and epidemiological data from 172 caliciviruses detected in France from December 1998 to February 2004 in sporadic and outbreak cases. The results showed a cocirculation of strains with a majority of genogroup II (GII) noroviruses. Three groups of noroviruses, not detected before in our laboratory, emerged and spread during the period: the recombinant GGIIb and Norwalk-related strains not amplified in the polymerase gene in 2000 and a new Lordsdale variant in 2002. We observed that (i) GII-4 noroviruses were predominant in nursing home and hospital outbreaks but rare in oyster-and water-related outbreaks despite continuous circulation in the population; (ii) at the opposite, genogroup I strains were detected in the majority of environmental outbreaks; (iii) several strains were frequently found in oyster-and water-linked outbreaks (up to seven), whereas one single strain was detected when transmission was from person to person; and (iv) whereas GII noroviruses were predominant in sporadic cases where patients were under 15 years of age, GI strains were more frequent in outbreaks occurring in this age group. Finally, from a methodology point of view, this compilation shows that detection and characterization in the polymerase gene are not adequate in a significant number of cases and should be completed by amplification and sequencing in the capsid gene.

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Prevalence and genetic diversity of human caliciviruses (HuCVs) in Mexican children

Cited by 70 publications

References 47 publications

Development of an Enzyme Immunoassay for Detection of Sapovirus-Specific Antibodies and Its Application in a Study of Seroprevalence in Children

Development of an Enzyme Immunoassay for Detection of Sapovirus-Specific Antibodies and Its Application in a Study of Seroprevalence in Children

Molecular Epidemiology of Norovirus Infections in Stockholm, Sweden, during the Years 2000 to 2003: Association of the GGIIb Genetic Cluster with Infection in Children

Molecular Epidemiology of Caliciviruses Detected in Sporadic and Outbreak Cases of Gastroenteritis in France from December 1998 to February 2004

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