Prevalence and genetic characterization of caliciviruses among children hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis in the United States

Zintz, Carmelann; Bok, Karin; Parada, Esther; Barnes-Eley, Myra; Berke, Tamás; Staat, Mary Allen; Azimi, Parvin H.; Jiang, Xi; Matson, David O.

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2004.06.010

Cited by 86 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Our data on seasonality is in agreement with studies from Finland and Japan, where highest SaV prevalence was reported during the warmer months [26,27]. Although SaVs are reported to cause milder infections than RVs and NoVs, they are frequently known to cause hospitalization [28]. In our study, the most common clinical manifestations in children with SaV mono-infections were diarrhoea (100%), dehydration (80%) and vomiting (73%).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Epidemiological profile and genetic diversity of sapoviruses (SaVs) identified in children suffering from acute gastroenteritis in Pune, Maharashtra, Western India, 2007–2011

Lasure

Gopalkrishna

2016

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYSapoviruses (SaVs) are responsible for sporadic cases and outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis. Despite this, few studies in India have focused on the epidemiological investigation of SaV in cases of acute gastroenteritis. The aim of this study was to understand the molecular epidemiology, genetic diversity and clinical impact of SaV in diarrhoeic children from Pune, Western India. Between 2007 and 2011, a total of 985 faecal samples from diarrhoeic cases and non-diarrhoeic controls were collected and examined for the presence of SaV by nested RT–PCR. SaV was detected in 2·7% (21/778) of the cases and 1·9% (4/207) of the controls. We observed that the majority of SaV mono-infections caused severe gastroenteritis (67%) with clinical manifestations of diarrhoea (100%), vomiting (73%) and dehydration (80%). All known human SaV genogroups were detected in the study. At least eight genotypes were identified from cases and controls. Genogroups GIV and GV, along with genotypes GI.5, GII.4 and GII.6, were discovered for the first time in India. Two GII.4 study strains were found to be 98·5–99% identical, having a novel intra-genogroup recombinant (GII.1/GII.4) recently reported from the Philippines, suggesting probable evidence of recombination. The circulation pattern of SaV genotypes varied during the study period, with GII.1 being predominant in 2007 and 2009, GIV.1 in 2008, and GV.1 in 2011.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Epidemiological profile and genetic diversity of sapoviruses (SaVs) identified in children suffering from acute gastroenteritis in Pune, Maharashtra, Western India, 2007–2011

Lasure

Gopalkrishna

2016

Epidemiol. Infect.

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“…Pang et al reported 20% and 9% detection rates for NVs and SVs, respectively, in stool specimens of children with acute gastroenteritis in Finland (31,32). It is generally accepted that SV gastroenteritis is less severe than that of rotavirus or NV; however, SVs have been detected in 1 to 3% of stool specimens collected from children hospitalized with gastroenteritis, indicating that SVs can cause severe illness (34,38,47). Also, with the increasing awareness of SV gastroenteritis and improved diagnostic methods, SVs were recently implicated in several gastroenteritis outbreaks in adult populations (22,43).…”

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confidence: 99%

Development of an Enzyme Immunoassay for Detection of Sapovirus-Specific Antibodies and Its Application in a Study of Seroprevalence in Children

et al. 2006

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Sapoviruses (SVs) are an important cause of acute pediatric gastroenteritis. Due to the lack of appropriate diagnostic methods, the epidemiology of SV-associated illness remains poorly understood. Baculovirus and Escherichia coli expression systems were evaluated for the development of antibody detection enzyme immunoassays (EIA). Age-related antibody prevalence in children was studied using the new EIA. Because of the low yield of the baculovirus system, the E. coli-expressed SV capsid proteins were used to develop the EIA. The antigenic specificities of the E. coli-expressed SV capsid proteins were demonstrated using hyperimmune antisera raised in animals and sera collected from patients. A high prevalence (>90%) of antibodies to both SV (strain Mex340) and norovirus (strain VA387) was observed in children involved in a birth cohort at 20 to 24 months of age; however, at 1 to 3 months of age, <25% of the children possessed anti-SV antibodies versus >90% with anti-NV antibodies. The E. coli-derived SV proteins are an excellent source of antigens for the EIA. SV infection is common in the first 2 years of life. The low prevalence of maternal antibodies detected in Mexican children against SVs in this study is unique and needs to be addressed in future studies.The family Caliciviridae consists of four genera, Norovirus (NV), Sapovirus (SV), Lagovirus, and Vesivirus, from which NV and SV cause disease mainly in humans and therefore are also referred to as human caliciviruses (HuCVs) (9). NVs are the leading cause of epidemic gastroenteritis, often causing large water-or food-borne outbreaks in all ages, while SVs are implicated mainly in pediatric gastroenteritis. In a study among Mexican children, we found that 19% of the sporadic acute gastroenteritis cases were associated with HuCVs and over a third of these were caused by SVs (8). Pang et al. reported 20% and 9% detection rates for NVs and SVs, respectively, in stool specimens of children with acute gastroenteritis in Finland (31,32). It is generally accepted that SV gastroenteritis is less severe than that of rotavirus or NV; however, SVs have been detected in 1 to 3% of stool specimens collected from children hospitalized with gastroenteritis, indicating that SVs can cause severe illness (34,38,47). Also, with the increasing awareness of SV gastroenteritis and improved diagnostic methods, SVs were recently implicated in several gastroenteritis outbreaks in adult populations (22,43).Because of the lack of a suitable animal model and tissue culture system for the propagation of HuCVs (5), the study of these pathogens has advanced slowly since the description of the prototype Norwalk and Sapporo viruses in the 1970s (3, 23). The cloning and genomic characterization of the Norwalk virus (14) and subsequently other HuCVs opened the way for the development of diagnostic techniques, such as reverse transcription-PCR (16) and enzyme immunoassays (EIA) utilizing recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) (15, 17). These techniques proved to be superior to previously use...

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“…The samples were screened for the presence of PEC and of group A rotavirus RNA. To investigate the presence of PEC RNA, broadly reactive primers, that are able to amplify members of the Vesivirus, Lagovirus, Norovirus, and Sapovirus genera, were used [7,33].…”

Section: Stool Samples and Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Molecular techniques have revolutionized the diagnostics of noroviruses (NoVs) and sapoviruses (SaVs) and led to the recognition that enteric caliciviruses are responsible for the majority of non-bacterial gastroenteritis in humans of all age groups and important pathogens in childhood diarrhoea [3][4][5][6][7]. In addition, analysis of the polymerase and capsid genes of NoVs and SaVs has provided evidence for a huge genetic diversity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, we investigated the role of PECs in the aetiology of weaning or post-weaning diarrhea of piglets by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) using broadly reactive primers targeted to the conserved motifs ''DYS-KWDST'' and ''YGDD'' of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of caliciviruses [7]. To draw a more complete picture of PEC molecular epidemiology in pigs, sequence analysis of the fragment of the RdRp polymerase was also accomplished.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic heterogeneity of porcine enteric caliciviruses identified from diarrhoeic piglets

et al. 2008

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Enteric caliciviruses (noroviruses and sapoviruses) are responsible for the majority of non-bacterial gastroenteritis in humans of all age groups. Analysis of the polymerase and capsid genes has provided evidence for a huge genetic diversity, but the understanding of their ecology is limited. In this study, we investigated the presence of porcine enteric caliciviruses in the faeces of piglets with diarrhoea. A total of 209 samples from 118 herds were analyszd and calicivirus RNA was detected by RT-PCR in 68 sample (32.5%) and in 46 herds (38.9%), alone or in mixed infection with group A and C rotaviruses. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the calicivirus-positive samples characterized the majority as genogroup III (GGIII) sapoviruses. Unclassified caliciviruses, distantly related to the representatives of the other sapovirus genogroups, were identified in five herds, while one outbreak was associated with a porcine sapovirus related genetically to human GGII and GGIV sapovirus strains. By converse, norovirus strains were not detected. Altogether, these data suggest the epidemiological relevance of porcine enteric caliciviruses and suggest a role in the etiology of piglets diarrhoea.

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Prevalence and genetic characterization of caliciviruses among children hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis in the United States

Cited by 86 publications

References 26 publications

Epidemiological profile and genetic diversity of sapoviruses (SaVs) identified in children suffering from acute gastroenteritis in Pune, Maharashtra, Western India, 2007–2011

Epidemiological profile and genetic diversity of sapoviruses (SaVs) identified in children suffering from acute gastroenteritis in Pune, Maharashtra, Western India, 2007–2011

Development of an Enzyme Immunoassay for Detection of Sapovirus-Specific Antibodies and Its Application in a Study of Seroprevalence in Children

Genetic heterogeneity of porcine enteric caliciviruses identified from diarrhoeic piglets

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