Prevalence and genetic characterization of <i>Giardia</i> spp. and <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. in dogs in Iqaluit, Nunavut, Canada

Julien, Danielle; Sargeant, Jan M.; Guy, Rebecca A.; Shapiro, Karen; Imai, Rachel K.; Bunce, Anna; Sudlovenick, Enooyaq; Chen, Shu; Li, Jiping; Harper, Sherilee L.

doi:10.1111/zph.12628

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…The assemblages A and B are further divided into sub-genotypes AI, AII, AIII, BIII and BIV. Typical genotypes in dogs are C and D, but A and B can also be found, and exceptionally even E and F ones [ 6 , 9 , 12 , 14 , 20 ]. Genotype F is common in cats, which can be infected also by genotype A, E and rarely C [ 6 , 21 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypes of Giardia duodenalis in Household Dogs and Cats from Poland

et al. 2020

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Background Giardia duodenalis is a widespread protozoan parasite affecting humans and many species of animals, including dogs and cats. Due to its zoonotic potential, it is important to know the frequency of this parasite in companion animals. The aim of this study was to determine current epidemiological status of G. duodenalis in household dogs and cats. Methods In this study, 293 fecal samples from pet dogs and cats were collected from January 2017 to July 2019 and tested for G. duodenalis by PCR (using β-giardin gene). The animals were divided into groups depending on their age, breed and fecal consistency. Results The examination allowed for detection of G. duodenalis in 6.0% of canine and 3.9% of feline fecal samples. The highest frequency was revealed in young (under one-year old) dogs. Sequencing confirmed the presence of assemblages C and D in dogs and A and F in cats. Conclusion The study showed current frequency of G. duodenalis in dogs and cats and also revealed the occurrence of host-specific assemblages as well as zoonotic assemblage A.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypes of Giardia duodenalis in Household Dogs and Cats from Poland

et al. 2020

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“…The varying prevalence values may reflect variable living conditions (e.g. kennel, breeder or private dogs) (Giangaspero et al 2006 ; Hamnes et al 2007 ; Palmer et al 2008 ; Gil et al 2017 ; Sauda et al 2018 ; Alves et al 2018 ; Itoh et al 2019 ; Julien et al 2019 ), but different sampling strategies and laboratory methods may contribute to this striking variation. In China and Brazil, prevalence was 6.9% and 10.4%, respectively, irrespective of keeping conditions (Li et al 2019 ; Homem et al 2019 ) which is quite close to the values found for Eastern Germany in the present study which may indicate that regional differences are not of great impact.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, the genus Cryptosporidium includes 45 different species (Khan et al 2018;Ježková et al 2021). Although infection in dogs has been associated mostly with Cryptosporidium canis (Uehlinger et al 2013;Gil et al 2017;Itoh et al 2019;Julien et al 2019), the zoonotic species Cryptosporidium parvum has been detected also (Giangaspero et al 2006;Sotiriadou et al 2013;Alves et al 2018). In addition, other species like C. muris and C. meleagridis have been found occasionally (Hajdušek et al 2004;Lupo et al 2008;Ryan et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidium infection in young dogs from Germany

2022

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Cryptosporidium is an enteric protozoan parasite which is able to cause severe gastrointestinal disease and is distributed all over the world. Since information about the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in German dogs is rare, the aim of this study was to examine the occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. in dogs and the potential zoonotic risk emanating from these infected animals. In total, 349 fecal samples of 171 dogs were collected during the dogs’ first year of life. The samples were examined for Cryptosporidium spp. using PCR, targeting the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU rRNA). Further analysis of Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium canis positive samples was accomplished using the 60 kDa glycoproteine gene (GP60). Overall, 10.0% (35/349) of the specimens were tested positive for Cryptosporidium. Cryptosporidium canis was found in 94.3% (33/35) of these samples and the zoonotic type C. pavum in 5.7% (2/35). Both C. parvum infections were subtyped as IIaA15G2R1. Sixteen of the C. canis positive samples were successfully amplified at the GP60 gene locus. These isolates were identified to belong to the subtype families XXd, XXe, or XXb; however, 2 samples could not be assigned to any of the described subtype families. Considering the close contact between pets and their owners, dogs may act as a potential source of infection for human cryptosporidiosis. The results of this study, in context with other studies from different countries, provide important further insights into the distribution of Cryptosporidium species in dogs and their zoonotic potential.

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“…The aim of this study was to determine whether T. gondii is present in clams harvested for food in Iqaluit, Nunavut. The clams for this study were collected via a community‐based approach as part of a project investigating enteric illness in Iqaluit (Julien et al., 2019; Manore et al., 2020; Masina et al., 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clams and potential foodborne Toxoplasma gondii in Nunavut, Canada

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Manore

Harper

et al. 2021

Zoonoses and Public Health

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The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii exposure in Inuit living in Nunavut (20%) is twice that of the US (11%); however, routes of exposure for Inuit communities in North America are unclear. Exposure to T. gondii in humans has been linked with consumption of raw or undercooked shellfish that can accumulate environmentally resistant oocysts. Bivalve shellfish, such as clams, are an important, nutritious, affordable and accessible source of food in many Northern Communities. To date, presence of T. gondii in clams in Northern Canada has not been reported. In this study, we tested for T. gondii presence in clams (Mya truncata) that were harvested in Iqaluit, Nunavut over a 1‐week period in September 2016. Of 390 clams, eight (2.1%) were confirmed to contain T. gondii DNA (≥99.7% identity), as determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence confirmation. Additionally, three clams (0.8%) were confirmed to contain Neospora caninum‐like DNA (≥99.2% identity). While N. caninum is not known to be a zoonotic pathogen, its presence in shellfish indicates contamination of the nearshore with canid faeces, and the potential for marine mammal exposure through marine food webs. Notably, the PCR assay employed in this study does not discriminate between viable and non‐viable parasites. These findings suggest a possible route for parasite exposure through shellfish in Iqaluit, Nunavut. Future research employing viability testing will further inform public health messaging on the infectious potential of T. gondii in shellfish.

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Prevalence and genetic characterization of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. in dogs in Iqaluit, Nunavut, Canada

Cited by 11 publications

References 50 publications

Genotypes of Giardia duodenalis in Household Dogs and Cats from Poland

Genotypes of Giardia duodenalis in Household Dogs and Cats from Poland

Cryptosporidium infection in young dogs from Germany

Clams and potential foodborne Toxoplasma gondii in Nunavut, Canada

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