Prevalence and Genetic Characterization of Cryptosporidium in Yaks in Qinghai Province of China

Mi, Rongsheng; Wang, Xiaojuan; Li, Chunhua; Huang, Yan; Zhou, Peng; Li, Zhengfeng; Lei, Meng-Tong; Cai, Jinzhong; Chen, Zhaoguo

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0074985

Cited by 51 publications

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References 56 publications

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“…According to the available published sources, Cryptosporidium species are distributed within 19 provinces in China, including northern China (Tianjin [31] and Inner Mongolia [52]), northeastern China (Heilongjiang [25, 55, 58]), eastern China (Shanghai [5, 59], Jiangsu [5], Anhui [5, 23, 51], Shandong [29], and Taiwan [46]), southern and central China (Henan [7, 16, 20, 24, 27, 29, 36, 44, 45], Hunan [29], Guangdong [47], and Guangxi [17, 50]), southwestern China (Sichuan [37] and Tibet [37]), and northwestern China (Gansu [37, 38, 56], Qinghai [2, 21, 28, 30, 32, 37, 54, 59], Ningxia [9, 18, 56], Xinjiang [14], and Shanxi [57]) (Tables 1 and 2). The overall infection rate was 11.9%, and infection rates varied significantly for different regions/provinces ( p < 0.05).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…positive Cryptosporidium species (no. )SubtypeInfection rate (%)ReferencePreweaned2734533 C. andersoni (88), C. bovis (178), C. parvum (185), C. ryanae (50), C. bovis + C. ryanae (11), C. parvum + C. bovis (8), C. parvum + C. ryanae (4), C. parvum + C. andersoni (3), C. meleagridis (5)IIdA14G1 (4); IIdA15G1 (92); IIdA19G1 (68); IIIeA22G2R1 (3); A4, A4, A4, A1 (3)19.5[1, 17, 23, 25, 30, 48, 52, 59]Postweaned3601324 C. andersoni (231), C. bovis (59), C. parvum (15), C. ryanae (15), C. bovis + C. ryanae (3)IIdA15G1 (2); A4, A4, A4, A1 (11); A2, A4, A4, A1 (1); A2, A4, A2, A1 (1); A1, A4, A4, A1 (10)9.0[1, 3, 17, 25, 29, 43, 52, 59]Juveniles2685287 C. andersoni (214), C. bovis (45), C. parvum (3), C. ryanae (15), C. xiaoi (1), C. suis-like (2), C. bovis + C. ryanae (2)A5A4, A4, A1 (5); A4, A4, A4, A1 (42); A4, A4, A2, A1 (3); A2, A4, A4, A1 (4); A2, A4, A2, A1 (1); A1, A4, A4, A1 (9)10.69[25, 28, 29, 32, 44, 56, 57, 58]Adults3196158 C. andersoni (108), C. bovis (22), C. ryanae (18), C. ubiquitum (1), new Cryptosporidium genotype (2)A4, A4, A4, A1 (3); A1, A4, A4, A1 (9)4.94[18, 25, 28, …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter two subtypes for C. andersoni were considered the most prevalent. Juvenile cattle were found to be infected with C. andersoni [25, 28, 29, 44, 56–58], C. bovis [28, 29, 32], C. parvum [32], C. ryanae [28, 29, 32], C. xiaoi [28], C. suis-like [29], and mixed infection with C. bovis and C. ryanae [32]. The following C. andersoni [57, 58] subtypes were identified: A5A4A4A1, A4A4A4A1, A4A4A2A1, A2A4A4A1, A2A4A2A1, and A1A4A4A1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…positive Cryptosporidium species (no. )SubtypeInfection rate (%)ReferenceDairy cattle127431330 C. andersoni (475), C. bovis (321), C. parvum (165), C. ryanae (74), C. meleagridis (5), C. suis-like (2), C. ryanae + C. bovis (14), C. parvum + C. bovis (8), C. parvum + C. ryana (4), C. parvum + C. andersoni (3), C. parvum ‘mouse’ genotype (185), C. hominis (24), C. serpentis (4)A4A4 A4A1 (1), A1A4 A4A1 (26), IIdA15G1 (97), IIdA19G1 (68), IIdA14G1 (4), IIIeA22G2R1 (3)10.44[5, 7, 9, 14, 18, 24, 25, 44, 45, 54–57]Beef101382 C. andersoni (53), C. bovis (16), C. ryanae (6), C. ryanae + C. bovis (1)A4A4A4A1 (25), A2A4A4A1 (3), A2A4A2A1 (1), A4A4A2A1 (1)8.09[29, 57]Buffalo18143 C. bovis (7), C. ryanae (33)23.8[29]Yaks2201399 C. andersoni (3), C. bovis (96), C. parvum (28), C. ryanae (41), C. ubiquitum (2), C. xiaoi (1), new Cryptosporidium genotype (4), C. bovis + C. ryanae (4), C. parvum + C. bovis (2)IIaA14G1R1 (1), IIaA14G2R1 (1), IIaA15G2R1 (8), IIaA16G2R1 (2), IIaA16G3R1 (1), IIdA15G1 (3), IIdA18G1 (1), IIdA19G1 (1), XIIa (1)18.13[2, 21, 29, 30, 32, 37, 38, 54, 59] …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology ofCryptosporidiuminfection in cattle in China: a review

et al. 2017

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The present review discusses the findings of cryptosporidiosis research conducted in cattle in China and highlights the currently available information on Cryptosporidium epidemiology, genetic diversity, and distribution in China, which is critical to understanding the economic and public health importance of cryptosporidiosis transmission in cattle. To date, 10 Cryptosporidium species have been detected in cattle in China, with an overall infection rate of 11.9%. The highest rate of infection (19.5%) was observed in preweaned calves, followed by that in juveniles (10.69%), postweaned juveniles (9.0%), and adult cattle (4.94%). The dominant species were C. parvum in preweaned calves and C. andersoni in postweaned, juvenile, and adult cattle. Zoonotic Cryptosporidium species (C. parvum and C. hominis) were found in cattle, indicating the possibility of transmission between humans and cattle. Different cattle breeds had significant differences in the prevalence rate and species of Cryptosporidium. This review demonstrates an age-associated, breed-associated, and geographic-related occurrence of Cryptosporidium and provides references for further understanding of the epidemiological characteristics, and for preventing and controlling the disease.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Epidemiology ofCryptosporidiuminfection in cattle in China: a review

et al. 2017

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“…z13 [7], C. bovis [5] and deer-like genotype [12], have been detected in yaks in China. The present study revealed the presence of C. andersoni and C. bovis in white yaks.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report of Cryptosporidium spp. in white yaks in China

et al. 2014

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BackgroundCryptosporidium is an enteric apicomplexan parasite, which can infect yaks, leading to reduction of milk production and poor weight gain. White yak (Bos grunniens) is a unique yak breed inhabiting only in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu province, northwestern China. The objective of the present study was to molecularly determine Cryptosporidium infection and species in white yaks.FindingsSeventy-six fecal samples from white yaks in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu province were collected. The small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene of each sample was amplified using nested PCR and sequenced. The Cryptosporidium species was determined by comparison of the obtained sequences with that of corresponding Cryptosporidium sequences available in GenBank by BLAST (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/) and phylogenetic analysis with maximum likelihood (ML) using PAUP*. The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in white yak was 5.26% (4/76). Species identification showed C. andersoni in one sample (collected in September), and C. bovis in three samples (one collected in November and two collected in September).ConclusionsThe present investigation revealed the existence of Cryptosporidium infection in white yaks in China, for the first time, and two Cryptosporidium species, namely C. andersoni and C. bovis, were identified. These findings extend the host range for Cryptosporidium spp., and also provide base-line information for further studies of molecular epidemiology and control of Cryptosporidium infection in the unique white yaks.

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Prevalence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in dairy cattle, northwest China

et al. 2015

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Cryptosporidium spp. cause enteric diseases in a wide range of animals, including dairy cattle. However, limited information is available regarding prevalence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in dairy cattle in Gansu province and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (NXHAR), northwest China. A total of 2945 dairy feces samples (1257 from Gansu province and 1688 from NXHAR) were collected between December 2012 and March 2014 and were tested by PCR amplification of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene. A total of 150 (5.09 %, 58 from Gansu and 92 from NXHAR) samples were PCR-positive for Cryptosporidium, and the prevalence is associated with the region and age of dairy cattle. Species identification showed Cryptosporidium andersoni in 36 samples (24.00 %, 19 from NXHAR and 17 from Gansu), Cryptosporidium ryanae in 24 samples (16.00 %, 13 from NXHAR and 11 from Gansu), Cryptosporidium bovis in 70 samples (46.67 %, 41 from NXHAR and 29 from Gansu), and Cryptosporidium parvum in 20 samples (13.33 %, 19 from NXHAR and 1 from Gansu). A DNA sequence analysis of the gp60 gene suggested that all the 20 C. parvum isolates represented subtype IIdA15G1. These findings indicated the presence of zoonotic Cryptosporidium in Gansu and NXHAR. This is the first report of four species of Cryptosporidium (C. andersoni, C. ryanae, C. bovis, and C. parvum) infection in dairy cattle in Gansu province. This is also the first report of C. ryanae infection in dairy cattle in NXHAR. Effective control strategies should be implemented to prevent and control Cryptosporidium infection in dairy cattle and humans.

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Prevalence and Genetic Characterization of Cryptosporidium in Yaks in Qinghai Province of China

Cited by 51 publications

References 56 publications

Epidemiology ofCryptosporidiuminfection in cattle in China: a review

Epidemiology ofCryptosporidiuminfection in cattle in China: a review

First report of Cryptosporidium spp. in white yaks in China

Prevalence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in dairy cattle, northwest China

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