Prevalence and gene frequency of color vision impairments among children of six populations from North Indian region

Abstract

X-linked red–green color blindness is the most widespread form of vision impairment. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and gene frequencies of red–green color vision impairments among children of six different human populations of Jammu province. A total of 1028 healthy subjects (6–15 years of age) were selected from five Muslim populations and the color vision impairments were determined using the Ishihara's test of color deficiency. The gene frequency was calculated using Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium method. The prevalence of color vision deficiency (CVD) ranged from 5.26% to 11.36% among males and 0.00%–3.03% among females of six different populations. The gender based differences in the frequency of CVD was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.0001), with a higher prevalence among male (7.52%) as compared to female (0.83%) children. We observed high frequency of deutan as compared to protan defects. The incidences of deuteranomaly (5.68%) and deuteranopia (2.27%) were higher among male children of Syed population while the frequencies of protanomaly (1.94%), protanopia (1.28%) and achromacy (2.27%) were the highest among male subjects of Khan, Malik and Syed populations, respectively. The allele and genotype frequencies showed cogent differences among six populations. The population based assessment of CVDs help patients to follow adaptive strategies that could minimize the risks of the disease.

Prevalence of Color Vision Deficiency among Students in Hajand and Amad High Schools in Shekhan City

“…Most studies worldwide showed that cases of deutans more than protans types. In large study in India, researchers found that 7.95% deutans and 3.22% protans [26], In Jordan, 12 of cases of deutan and 7 cases of protans [15], In Nepal , 16 cases out of 19 cases of deutan types [27] , In study done in Philippine , (78.95%)of cases of CVD of deutan types [28]. In Erbil, cases of deutans are slightly more than cases of protans [8].while a Turkish study has reported about 5.10% protans and 2.23% deutans among male [29].…”

“…The prevalence of CVD among female participants in the present study (0.84) is near to other studies done elsewhere. Abundant random population surveys reveal that the prevalence of CVD in European Caucasians is about 0.4% in women [1], in the USA was found to be 0.4-07% [10], 0.83 among Indian population [26].…”

Prevalance of Colour Blindness in Children

“…Mohd Fareedet al [13] conducted a study in Jammu province and observed that the prevalence of CVD ranged from 5.26% to 11.36% among males and 1.15%-3.03% among female children of six populations.…”

Prevalence of Congenital Colour Blindness in a Tertiary Eye Care Centre

“…Mohamed Fareed et al 8 reported in Jammu Province study that CVD prevalence in male ranged from 5.26%-11.36% and among female 1.15%-3.03%.…”