Prevalence and Factors of the Performed or Scheduled COVID-19 Vaccination in a Chinese Adult General Population in Hong Kong

Abstract

Background: Globally, COVID-19 vaccination programs have been rolled out. To inform health promotion, this study investigated the prevalence and associated factors of performance or being scheduled to perform at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccination (PSCV) in a Chinese adult general population. Methods: An anonymous, random telephone survey interviewed 500 adults aged 18–75 in Hong Kong, China from 14–27 May 2021. Results: The prevalence of PSCV was 21.0%, which was significantly lower among females and those aged ≤30. Positively associated factors of PSCV included perceived protection effect of vaccination, self-perceived physical fitness for vaccination, compulsory COVID-19 testing experience, perceived need to travel, general trust toward the government, and trust toward the governmental vaccination program, while negatively associated factors included perceived low efficacy of vaccination, concerns about side effects, and chronic disease status. Furthermore, the association between sex and PSCV was fully mediated by stronger concern about side effects and lower levels of self-perceived physical fitness for COVID-19 vaccination among females than males. Conclusion: Moderately low prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination was observed in Hong Kong, where there was no shortage of vaccine supply. To achieve herd immunity, health promotion is greatly warranted and may incorporate messages based on the findings of this study.

Positive Association between Individualism and Vaccination Resistance against COVID-19 Vaccination among Chinese Adults: Mediations via Perceived Personal and Societal Benefits

“…It is not surprising that PPB and PSB were significantly and negatively associated with vaccination resistance. The findings are supported both theoretically [22] and empirically [10,23]. The novelty of the present study is that it considered the effect of both PPB (self-interest) and PSB (others' interest), which were strongly correlated with each other, and their roles in explaining the potential effect of individualism on vaccination resistance.…”

“…However, the performance of the COVID-19 vaccines (e.g., safety and efficacy) was largely uncertain during that time period, while only a few of them asked about vaccination intention based on hypothetical characteristics of the vaccines [8,9]. Recently, some studies looked at actual COVID-19 vaccination behavior [10,11], but it is still warranted to understand people's inclinations. During the post-rollout period, the decision on COVID-19 vaccination can refer to the growingly available clinical trial data and post-marketing surveillance reports.…”

Levels and factors derived from the Health Action Process Approach of behavioral intentions to take up COVID-19 vaccination: A random population-based study

“…Socio-demographics such as sex, age, educational level, marital status, having children under 18, employment status, and chronic disease status, were all associated with behavioral intention of COVID-19 vaccination [7] , [8] and determinants of vaccination intention [9] , [10] . For instance, females were more likely than males to perceive negative outcome expectancy of COVID-19 vaccination (e.g., side effects) [11] . Such potential confounders were hence adjusted for in data analyses of the present study.…”

Opposing Mechanisms Involving Perceived Benefits versus Safety Partially Explained an Increase in COVID-19 Vaccination Intention among Unvaccinated Chinese Adults during a Post-Rollout Period: Results of Two Serial Surveys

“…Some single items were used. Nevertheless, similar items have been used in previous studies on COVID-19 vaccination intention/behaviors [18,35]. Furthermore, only two major types of perceived benefits were considered in this study, while there are other perceived benefits (e.g., psychological relief).…”

“…These perceptions regarding COVID-19 vaccination might have changed due to recent developments. Examples include the fast-spread threat of the mutated COVID-19 variants (e.g., the Delta variant) [18], concerns about the possible short duration of the protective effects of some vaccines [19], and the potential serious and lasting side effects of COVID-19 vaccines (e.g., Bell's palsy) [20]. It is notable that the changes in the perceived benefits/safety might fully or partially explain (mediate) changes in COVID-19 vaccination intention over time, this has not been investigated.…”