Prevalence and Factors Influencing Sexual Violence against Women Aged 15-49 in Kenya: Findings from the 2022 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey

Abstract

Background: Sexual violence, a global concern, disproportionately affects women. In Kenya, over 40% of women experience intimate partner violence, reflecting a pressing need for understanding and addressing this issue. Sub-Saharan Africa faces a 18.7% prevalence with deep-rooted determinants like unequal power relations and cultural practices. Consequences from unwanted pregnancy to trauma hinder development goals. This study focuses on sexual violence among Kenyan women aged 15-49, aiming to inform policies and contribute to a safer, more equitable society. Methods: This study analyzed 2022 Kenya Demographic Health Survey data. It used a two-stage cluster sampling method, surveyed 32,156 women aged 15-49, examined determinants of sexual violence, and employed statistical analysis to identify significant predictors. Results: In the 2022 Kenya DHS study involving 32,156 reproductive-age women, 16% reported experiencing sexual violence. Significant factors associated with sexual violence included age, with older women facing a higher risk, urban residence, non-Catholic religion, wealthier households, not desiring children in the next two years, and healthcare decisions made by the husband/partner. In the bivariate analysis of factors associated with sexual violence among Kenyan women aged 15-49, various variables were significantly linked to sexual violence, including the person responsible for healthcare decisions, the respondent's employment status, husband/partner's education level, desire for more children, wealth index, household characteristics, religion, and age groups. Notably, the sex of the household head showed no association with sexual violence. The multivariate analysis confirmed that older age, rural residence, specific religion, lack of desire for children, healthcare decisions involving the husband/partner, household attributes like the presence of a radio, and a higher wealth index were significant predictors of sexual violence. Conclusions and recommendations This study examines sexual violence among Kenyan women aged 15-49, highlighting a 16% prevalence. It identifies determinants like age, residence, and religion and offers recommendations emphasizing awareness, education, collaboration, and legal reform to combat this issue effectively.