Prevalence and factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder among flood-affected adults in a panchayat in Ernakulam district in Kerala

Cherian, Vinu; Philip, Joel; John, Alexander

doi:10.30834/kjp.33.2.2020.222

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Those affected by flood or other disasters are vulnerable to a sudden stress reaction, which can result in the development of PTSD. An earlier study on PTSD in flood survivors of Kerala flood 2018 highlighted the need to carry out post-disaster mental health screening because of the high prevalence of PTSD following the floods [ 16 ]. Similarly, another study revealed that even eight months post disaster, a sizable percentage of adolescents were still experiencing stress-related disorders [ 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An earlier cross-sectional study reported the prevalence of PTSD to be 22% among 100 households affected by flooding in Kerala [ 16 ]. Considering a 22% prevalence of PTSD, we would need a total of 264 participants to estimate the predicted proportion with a 5% absolute precision and a 95% confidence level in our study.We were able to get an adequate sample size consisting of of 276 respondents.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, such natural disaster may have huge impact on the mental wellbeing of the victims and therefore, exploration of psychological effects on survivors is important to develop coping strategies. Though few studies have reported the prevalence of PTSD among adolescents [ 15 ] and adults [ 16 ] of 2018 flood victims in Kerala, there are no reports available on other associated psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety. Therefore, we assessed the relationship between the socio-economic and flood exposure factors with PTSD, depression and anxiety among the flood survivors in the Kozhikode district of Kerala, India.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A survey of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Anxiety and Depression among Flood Affected Populations in Kerala, India

Asim

Sathian

Teijlingen³

et al. 2022

Nepal J Epidemiology

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Background: Globally, post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the most common psychiatric illnesses following a disaster. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between the socio-economic and flood exposure factors with PTSD, depression and anxiety among the flood-affected populations in Kerala, India. Methods: A cross-sectional household survey was conducted from November 2019 to January 2020 in Kozhikode district of Kerala, India. Adults (≥ 18 years), who were permanent residents and had been directly exposed to the flood, were invited to take part in the study. Individuals with a history of mental health issues and those who had other stressful situations in the past were excluded. The survey questionnaire was based on three screening tools: (1) PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5); (2) patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9); and (3) generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7). Data included sociodemographic factors and flood exposure variables. The primary outcome variable was psychiatric morbidity (PTSD, anxiety and depression). Results: A total of 276 respondents (150 males/126 females) participated in the study. A significant correlation was observed between total score on PCL-5 and GAD-7 (r=0.339, p=0.001) and PHQ-9 (r=0.262, p=0.001). Females had significantly higher total PTSD symptom severity scores (8.24±5.88 vs. 6.07±5.22; p=0.001), severity of symptoms of intrusion (4.66±3.60 vs. 3.69±3.20; p=0.04), increased level of anxiety (2.54±1.94 vs. 1.79±1.53; p=0.001) and depression (3.02±2.26 vs. 2.04±1.67; p=0.001) compared to males. However, the gender difference for PTSD symptoms disappeared when controlling for age. Conclusion: The findings of this survey revealed that the vast majority of respondents (92 percent females and 87 percent males) still had subclinical psychiatric symptoms one year after the flood. Therefore, tailored psychological interventions are warranted to counter the long-lasting impact of flooding on the mental health of individuals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A survey of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Anxiety and Depression among Flood Affected Populations in Kerala, India

Asim

Sathian

Teijlingen³

et al. 2022

Nepal J Epidemiology

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“…5,20 Contrary, it was more than 22% in Kerala, 19.8% in Uttarakashi, 18.5% among earthquake victims in Nepal. 18,21,22 The conceivable explanations for these differences can be administration of dissimilar instruments, cut off points, other study designs and magnitude of the trauma in the studies, cultural context and socioeconomic status versus negative consequences of the disastrous event. 5,23 Age, Loss to documents, owning agricultural land and distance to river from the house were significantly associated with PTSD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The higher likelihood of developing PTSD as the age increases from our study was consistent with findings from other studies. 20,21,[24][25][26] This can be for the reason that elderly group already prone to have decreased quality of life in terms of physical health and psychosocial wellbeing, as a result they have less effective emotion cope up actions taken, less social interactions and support after the disaster. 25,27,28 The odds of developing PTSD among participants who had their documents damaged were 2.4 times higher when compared with those had their documents safe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-traumatic stress disorder among flood survivors of Kodagu subdistrict in Karnataka: a cross sectional study

Saroja

Purushothama²

2022

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Background: Mental health being a major concern gradually rising from the shadows, post-traumatic stress disorder is triggering as a major public health issue followed by any disaster. Hence, we aimed to determine the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder and its associated factors among the flood survivors.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among the flood survivors who resided on the banks of river Kaveri and river Harangi in Somwarpet Taluk of Kodagu district, Karnataka, India. A semi structured questionnaire was administered by interview method to capture the data from 331 participants who were sheltered at the relief camps during the flood in the year 2019. Association of sociodemographic variables with PTSD was analyzed using the Chi-square test and Logistic regression.Results: The mean (SD) age of the participants was 42.94 (±14.10) years and 141 (42.6%) were males. The prevalence of high severity symptoms of PTSD was 28.4%. Poor social support was perceived by 87.3% of the participants. Age, Loss of official documents, owning agricultural land and distance to river from the house were significantly associated with PTSD.Conclusions: PTSD after the disaster was 28% in the population and the majority perceived poor social support. Post flood, employment of support programs and mindfulness programs are the needs of the hour.

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Prevalence of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder After Flood: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2022

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IntroductionFlood as the most common kind of the natural disasters has unpleased short, medium, and long-term consequences on the victims’ welfare, relationships, and physical and mental health. One of the most common mental health disorders in these victims is Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of PTSD on the flood victims.MethodsData resources including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, Embase, Google Scholar, conference and congress papers, key journals, the reference list of selected articles as well as systematic reviews were searched to identify studies that reported the prevalence of PTSD in flood victims. Random Effect Model was used to perform meta-analysis of the studies. Cochran test and I2 indicator were used to explore heterogeneity between the studies. Publication bias of the study was evaluated using Begg’test. Data were analyzed by STATA (version 14) software.ResultsAfter a comprehensive search, 515 papers were extracted. After eliminating duplicates and final screening, 23 studies were selected and entered the meta-analysis phase after qualitative evaluation. The results showed that the prevalence of PTSD in flood victims is 29.48% (95% CI: 18.64–40.31, I2 = 99.3%, p-value < 0.001).ConclusionThe results of the present study showed that the prevalence of PTSD is relatively high in the flood victims. So, it is necessary to take preventive, supportive, therapeutic and effective actions for them.

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Prevalence and factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder among flood-affected adults in a panchayat in Ernakulam district in Kerala

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

A survey of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Anxiety and Depression among Flood Affected Populations in Kerala, India

A survey of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Anxiety and Depression among Flood Affected Populations in Kerala, India

Post-traumatic stress disorder among flood survivors of Kodagu subdistrict in Karnataka: a cross sectional study

Prevalence of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder After Flood: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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