Prevalence and Factors Associated with Anxiety and Depression in Expectant Mothers at Parakou in 2018

Abstract

Background: Anxiety and depressive disorders can disturb the development of pregnancies. The goal was to study the prevalence and factors associated with anxiety and depression in expectant mothers followed in public maternity wards of Parakou in 2018. Population and methods: It was a crosssectional study which consisted in an exhaustive census and a consecutive recruitment of 835 expectant mothers from June 14th to September 14th, 2018. Data collection was realized through interview between the investigator and the respondent basing on a questionnaire in which were integrated Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale-3 (EPDS-3), EPDS and modular Integrated Household Living Conditions Survey (IHLCS-2015) to assess respectively anxiety, depression and expectant mothers' socio-economic level. Results: The prevalences of anxiety and depression were respectively 44.91% and 35.33%. Many factors were associated with anxiety and depression. Low socio-economic level increased 6.7 times the risk of developing anxiety (OR = 6.70; IC 95% [2.83 -13.00]; p = 0.000) and 8.64 times the risk for the onset of depression (OR = 8.64; IC 95% [3.09 -17.18]; p = 0.000). Celibacy increased 2.67 times the risk of developing anxiety (OR = 2.67; IC 95% [1.19 -5.98]; p = 0.000) and 2.18 times the one of depression (OR = 2.18; IC 95% [1.07 -4.40]; p = 0.000). Low economic level and celibacy were the main psychosocial determinants of anxiety and depression in expectant mothers. Conclusion: The implementation of multidisciplinary action program centred on improving purchasing power would reduce the risk of anxiety and depression in expectant mothers.

Determinants of Pregnancy-Related Anxiety among Women Attending Antenatal Checkup at Public Health Institutions in Debre Markos Town, Ethiopia

“…Four BSc and two MSc midwives were recruited for data collection and supervision, respectively. The questionnaire was prepared by reviewing different literatures [ 5 , 6 , 8 – 10 , 12 , 22 , 29 – 31 ] and contextualized to the local situations and study objectives. The questionnaire for this study consists of sociodemographic factors, obstetrical and gynecological factors, medical and behavioral factors, psychosocial factors, and the PRAQR.…”

“…Globally, 11.4% [ 7 ] to 63% [ 1 ] of women experience anxiety during pregnancy. In different parts of Africa, its prevalence has also been reported as 26% in Nigeria [ 9 ], 44.9% in Benin [ 10 ], 15.2% in South Africa [ 11 ], and 25% in Tanzania [ 12 ]. It is an important public health concern that contains both personal characteristics or traits and environmentally influenced states [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Assessment of the relationship between socio-demographic factors and intensity of perceived stress in a group of women hospitalized due to miscarriage

“…The study shows that the occurrence of miscarriages in the past did not determine the level of subjectively perceived stress in the respondents group. Miscarriage is accompanied by stress, which may increase due to the necessity of hospitalization and implementation of treatment [11,15]. The literature also includes the results of studies by , which showed that the experience of miscarriage increased the level of stress and negative emotions.…”

“…According to the definition presented in 1972 by the World Health Organization (WHO), a miscarriage is the termination of pregnancy before the 22nd week of its duration, the consequence of which is the expulsion of an embryo or a foetus with a birth weight of less than 500 g from the uterine cavity [10,11,12]. In Poland, over 40,000 women lose their pregnancies every year for various reasons [11,12]. About 80% of miscarriages occur before the 12th week of pregnancy.…”

“…About 80% of miscarriages occur before the 12th week of pregnancy. Miscarriage and its somatic and non-somatic consequences concern 1-20% of young women [11,13,14]. It is assumed that the risk of miscarriage increases with the age of the woman [15,16].…”