Prevalence and factors associated with sarcopenia and dynapenia in elderly people

Abstract

However, sarcopenia cannot be considered only in relation to age, but as a multidimensional geriatric syndrome 4 , given its high prevalence in the elderly, since more than 50% of the population over 80 years old suffers from this medical condition 5,6. In addition to the inherent aspects of aging itself, it is determined by genetic predisposition, life habits, changes in living conditions, and chronic diseases 7 , which may contribute to the weakness and loss of independence in daily activities 8 , still being an independent predictor of hospitalization, disability, and death 9. In recent years, some experts have created consensus on a broader diagnosis of sarcopenia: The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP), which recommends a diagnosis based on decreased muscle mass, Abstract Objectives: There is little information about the risk factors for sarcopenia and dynapenia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of sarcopenia and dynapenia and to verify which risk factors are associated with the elderly population. Methods: A total of 387 elderly people were evaluated. We used a questionnaire to identify sociodemographic and behavioral aspects. For physical performance, we used the Short Physical Performance Battery. Using the European Working Group of Sarcopenia in Older People consensus, we defined sarcopenia that includes the occurrence of low muscle mass, added to low muscle strength or low physical performance. Dynapenia was defined using handgrip strength. Results: Sarcopenia and dynapenia were identified in 15.3% and 38.2% of the elderly people, respectively; 15.8% of women and 14.2% of men had sarcopenia, and 52.4% of women and 13.5% of men had dynapenia. Sarcopenia was associated with the increase in aging, white race, smoking, and risk of malnutrition. Dynapenia is more likely to occur in women and hospitalized patients. Conclusion: Sarcopenia had a greater association with the risk factors evaluated here, mainly with smoking and nutritional status. On the other hand, dynapenia was different, having a greater association with hospital intervention.

Associated Factors of Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…After we screened the titles and abstracts, there were 111 studies selected for full-text evaluation. Finally, 43 articles were excluded, and the rest of the 68 articles [22][23][24][25][26] met the eligibility criteria. The detailed selection process is presented in Figure 1.…”

“…In the 58 studies, more than 50% of the participants were women. The majority of studies were conducted in Asia (n = 45), 14 in South America [24,31,32,43,[55][56][57]60,68,69,78,83,88,91], six in Europe [46,48,50,70,80,88], one in North America [92], and two in multicenter. The EWGSOP (n = 28) and AWGS (n = 24) criteria were the most commonly used in the studies included in the review.…”

“…The causes of sarcopenia are known to be multifactorial, including aging itself, sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, and a variety of health conditions [21]. However, the associated factors of sarcopenia varied in previous studies, and sometimes the results were inconsistent and controversial [22][23][24][25][26]. Currently, there is no consensus on the associated factors for sarcopenia.…”

Relationships of the stand‐up time to falls and fractures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Results from the CHIKARA study

“…29,30 It has been reported that sarcopenia did not always correspond with dynapenia, and the related factors differed between them. 31 Grip strength or gait speed were old criteria for sarcopenia in EWGSOP 7 and AWGS. 16 However, in the new criteria, a balance test, such as the SPPB test, was added.…”

Vitamin D Deficiency is Associated with Handgrip Strength, Nutritional Status and T2DM in Community-Dwelling Older Mexican Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…A large portion of vitamin D requirements is obtained through sunlight exposure in young people; but the supply of this vitamin is reduced in the old age due to an inadequate nutrition and the presence of chronic diseases [24,25]. A poor nutritional status is a frequent health problem found in older adults, and in some populations, it has been found in association with sarcopenia and dynapenia [26][27][28]. Furthermore, it is well known that an inadequate diet is a determinant factor in vitamin D deficiency [29].…”