Prevalence and factors associated with nutritional deviations in women in the pre-pregnancy phase in two municipalities of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Abstract

ABSTRACT:Objective: To assess the prevalence and potential factors associated with pre-pregnancy nutritional status of women. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out between December 2007 and November 2008 with 1,535 women in the first trimester of pregnancy and randomly selected in health units of the Brazilian public health system (SUS) in the municipalities of Queimados and Petrópolis in the State of Rio de Janeiro. The diagnosis of nutritional deviations was based on the Body Mass Index, according to the classification of the Institute of Medicine, and the following categories were obtained: underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity. In the statistical analysis, the multinomial logistic regression model was used and an odds ratio and confidence interval of 95% were estimated. Results: The sample included women between 13 and 45 years. The prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity were 10, 18 and 11%, respectively. Women living in Queimados, adolescents, women who did not live with a partner and smokers had a higher proportion of low pre-pregnancy weight. There was an association between hypertension, overweight and obesity. Adolescents presented lower chance to overweight and obesity. Living in Queimados reduced the odds of overweight. Conclusion:The proportion of pre-pregnancy nutritional deviations was high, and recognizing factors that lead to them is very important for an early identification of women at nutritional risk, with view to interventions to reduce the adverse effects of malnutrition on maternal and child health.

Food Insecurity, Prenatal Care and Other Anemia Determinants in Pregnant Women from the NISAMI Cohort, Brazil: Hierarchical Model Concept

“…The present study is the first to evaluate the effect of FI on anemia in pregnant women in Brazil as a whole. This reveals that the approach of FI during pregnancy is recent and scarce in Brazil, but some of the effects of its importance for the health of women have already been evidenced in the present and in other investigations; 27,30,31 therefore, the results presented here, along with those from other well-conducted studies, should stimulate the development of further research in this direction.…”

“…nevertheless, it was higher than the percentage for Brazil as a whole (22.6%) and for other regions of the country, in which the percentages were below 20%. It should be mentioned that, during the search for specific Brazilian literature on the prevalence of FI during pregnancy and its effects to the health and nutrition of the pregnant women, only the investigations conducted by Marano et al 30 and Lôbo 31 were identified with this approach.…”

Prevalence of very low birthweight, malformation, and low Apgar score among newborns in Brazil according to maternal urban or rural residence at birth

“…Maternal pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) is a known risk factor for some of the birth outcomes in the present study, especially birthweight and prematurity . Although there is no information on the prevalence of maternal BMI for the studied city of Nova Friburgo, prevalence of underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m 2 ) pre‐pregnant women was considerably lower in the city of Petropolis (7.1%), which is also located in the mountain region of Rio de Janeiro and borders Nova Friburgo . This prevalence was considerably lower than that observed among pre‐pregnant women of Yokohama city (13.2%), in Japan , and that observed among Brazilian women from Queimados (13.4%), a more urban city located closer to the capital .…”

“…Although there is no information on the prevalence of maternal BMI for the studied city of Nova Friburgo, prevalence of underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m 2 ) pre‐pregnant women was considerably lower in the city of Petropolis (7.1%), which is also located in the mountain region of Rio de Janeiro and borders Nova Friburgo . This prevalence was considerably lower than that observed among pre‐pregnant women of Yokohama city (13.2%), in Japan , and that observed among Brazilian women from Queimados (13.4%), a more urban city located closer to the capital . Prevalence of overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m 2 ) and obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m 2 ) among pre‐pregnant women from Petropolis was 20% and 12%, respectively, which was higher than that observed among women from Queimados city (14.7% and 9.4%), but definitely not higher than that among women from Würzburg, Germany (19.4% and 10.7%), and non‐ Hispanic white women from South Carolina , USA (27.1% and 38.6%) .…”

Food Insecurity during the Gestational Period and Factors Associated with Maternal and Child Health

“…12 In this review the prevalence of food insecurity in women during the gestational period ranged from 9.0% to 87.9% (Table 1), with the lowest prevalence found in developed countries and the highest prevalence in underdeveloped or developing countries. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Although there are some studies on food insecurity during the gestational period, there is still little knowledge about the effects of this insecurity on maternal and child health. Food insecurity in the gestational period is associated with anemia, pre-gestational and gestational anthropometric nutritional status, birth defects, maternal depression/anxiety disorders in pregnancy, gestational complications (diabetes, hypertension and obesity), gestational weight gain, food intake, low birth weight and postpartum depression and suicide.…”