Prevalence and factors associated with aflatoxin contamination of peanuts from Western Kenya

Mutegi, Charity; Ngugi, Henry K.; Hendriks, Sheryl L.; Jones, R. B.

doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.12.030

Cited by 130 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The range of aflatoxin contamination in groundnut samples in this study was comparable to those reported from local vendors, markets, and retail shops in Nigeria where aflatoxin‐B 1 detected in 64.2% of dry roasted groundnut (Bankole, Ogunsanwo, & Eseigbe, 2005). In Kenya, about 87.0% of groundnut were contaminated with <4 μg/kg of aflatoxin‐B 1 , while 7.5% exceeded national regulatory limited of 20 μg/kg (Mutegi et al., 2009). Similarly, 70% of groundnut samples from the DRC were found to contain higher than 5 μg/kg aflatoxins (Kamika & Takoy, 2011).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of aflatoxin in agricultural produce from local markets in Burundi and Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

Udomkun

Mutegi

Wossen

et al. 2018

Food Science & Nutrition

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Aflatoxins are noxious secondary metabolites, of certain fungal species, found in food and feed. Contamination of a commodity with aflatoxins is associated with production and storage losses, and subsequently less food availability. Aflatoxins can also pose human health risks and represent a barrier to the development of trade, in both domestic and international markets. In this study, samples of cassava, maize, groundnut, beans, soybean, sorghum and milk, and their processed products were collected from local markets in Burundi and Eastern DRC. In order to investigate the levels of aflatoxin, crop samples were analyzed using a single step lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (Reveal Q+), while enzyme‐linked immune‐sorbent assay (ELISA) was used to analyze aflatoxin‐M1 in milk, yogurt, and cheese samples. The results revealed the presence of aflatoxins in all samples from both countries, with levels ranging from 1.3 to 2,410 μg/kg. Samples collected from Burundi contained relatively higher (p > 0.0.5) levels of aflatoxins. In 51% of all the crops samples, total aflatoxin contamination was above the EU maximum tolerable level of 4 μg/kg. Processed products, particularly from groundnut, maize, and sorghum, had the highest levels of aflatoxin contamination when compared to unprocessed grain. With regard to milk and dairy products, the level of aflatoxin‐M1 ranged from 4.8 to 261.1 ng/kg. Approximately 29% of milk and yogurt samples had aflatoxin‐M1 higher than the EU regulatory limit of 50 ng/kg, whereas 20% of cheese samples were found to be contaminated at levels higher than the maximum limit of 250 ng/kg. These results can serve as the basis for pre‐ and postharvest approaches to reduce aflatoxin contamination in agricultural commodities in Burundi and Eastern DRC in order to reduce health risk, avoid reduced production in livestock, and open up export markets.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2014; Mutegi, Ngugi, Hendriks, & Jones, 2009; Perrone et al., 2014; Williams et al., 2004). In animals, aflatoxins may lower resistance to diseases, interrupt vaccine‐induced immunity, and adversely affect growth and reproduction, causing serious economic losses (CAST 2003; Fink‐Gremmels, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of aflatoxin in agricultural produce from local markets in Burundi and Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

Udomkun

Mutegi

Wossen

et al. 2018

Food Science & Nutrition

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“…From the results, it can be concluded that because our country is in tropical area, the climate is suitable for fungal growth and peanuts are considered to be one of the most susceptible food materials for fungal growth and Aflatoxins productions. Several researchers have investigated peanuts for the presence of Aflatoxins, particularly AFB1 (Bankole et al, 2005;Barro et al, 2002;Mutegi et al, 2009). Iqbal et al (2013) reported the level of AFB1 ranging from 2.4 to 12.3 µg/kg but Wagacha et al (2013) reported AFB1 level in peanut products ranging from 0 to 1629 µg/kg.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of aflatoxin B1 in food products in Thailand

Charoenpornsook¹,

Kavisarasai²

2014

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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Aflatoxin B1 is a secondary metabolite of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. It can be formed in commodities before and after harvest. This mycotoxin possesses a variety of toxic effects, potent carcinogen to both animal and human health. Aflatoxin B1 is generally found in feed and food stuff, such as cereal and all products derived from cereals, including processed cereals since it has been proven to be at least partly resistant to food processing methods. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the possibility of contamination of aflatoxin B1 in food products in Thailand. The 100 food samples were purchased from markets around Bangkok. They were divided into five categories: seven samples of local fermented alcoholic beverages, five samples of imported blue cheese, 18 samples of fermented soybean products, 70 samples of raw peanuts (30) and peanut derived products (40). They were determined for aflatoxin B1 by ELISA method. The revealed rates of aflatoxin B1 contamination were 71.42, 100, 83.33, 86.67 and 90% for the alcoholic beverages, blue cheese, fermented soybean, raw peanuts and peanut derived samples, respectively. The individual values with each category samples, ranged from 0.3 to 2.15 µg/kg (average 0.48 µg/kg), 0.5 to 1.25 µg/kg (average 0.95 µg/kg), 0.2 to 3.2 µg/kg (average 1.54 µg/kg), 0.2 to 8.05 µg/kg (average 6.83 µg/kg) and 0.1 to 73.85 µg/kg (average 5.6 µg/kg) for alcoholic beverages, blue cheese, soybean, raw peanuts and peanut derived samples, respectively.

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“…Isolates were identified based on colony characteristics, strain morphology, macroscopic feature and microscopic feature [16]. The pure cultures were characterized and subsequently identified with the aid of a compound microscope as the representatives of the different colonies/fungi [16].…”

Section: Identification Of Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pure cultures were characterized and subsequently identified with the aid of a compound microscope as the representatives of the different colonies/fungi [16].…”

Section: Identification Of Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of aflatoxin in dried okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and tomatoes (Lycoperisicon esculentum) commercialized in Ibadan metropolis

Rn¹,

Cm²

2017

Integr Food Nutr Metab

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Hundred grams of each sample were collected from the four markets namely Oje, Bodiga, Shasha and Orita-merin in five replicate of 20gram in separate airtight sterile polythene bag to prevent further contamination until aflatoxin analysis was done and subsequent isolation and identification of fungi. Aflatoxins ExtractionAflatoxins was extracted from the samples as described by Hell, et al. [12] with modifications employed due to different weight and dryness of the samples. Dichloromethan was used to extract the toxin and allowed to evaporate to dryness in laminar air flow-hood chamber for 48 hours until analysed. Qualitative analysisFour micro litres of the dissolved extract were spotted on the thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates 20*10cm with aflatoxin standards G and I and then allowed to develop in a tank containing diethyl ether, methanol and water at the ratio of 96: 3: 1 respectively. The spots intensities were visually compared with those of standards under ultraviolet light 366 nm wavelengths [13]. Quantitative analysisAflatoxin quantification was done by scanning with CAMAG TLC Scanner3 (densitometer), which measured the absorbance and fluorescence of the toxin extracted [14]. Isolation of fungiDirect isolation method was employed for fungi isolation. The samples were surface sterilized in 70% ethanol for 10minutes and Prevalence of aflatoxin in dried okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and tomatoes (Lycoperisicon esculentum) commercialized in Ibadan metropolis

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Prevalence and factors associated with aflatoxin contamination of peanuts from Western Kenya

Cited by 130 publications

References 20 publications

Occurrence of aflatoxin in agricultural produce from local markets in Burundi and Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

Occurrence of aflatoxin in agricultural produce from local markets in Burundi and Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

Determination of aflatoxin B1 in food products in Thailand

Prevalence of aflatoxin in dried okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and tomatoes (Lycoperisicon esculentum) commercialized in Ibadan metropolis

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