Prevalence and factors associated with caesarean section in four Hard-to-Reach areas of Bangladesh: Findings from a cross-sectional survey

Abstract

Background Caesarean section (C-section) is a major obstetric life-saving intervention for the prevention of pregnancy and childbirth related complications. Globally C-section is increasing, as well as in Bangladesh. This study identifies the prevalence of C-section and socioeconomic and health care seeking related determinants of C-section among women living in hard-to-reach (HtR) areas in Bangladesh. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire between August and December 2017 at four distinct types of HtR areas of Bangladesh, namely coastal, hilly, haor (wetland), and char areas (shallow land-mass rising out of a river). Total 2,768 women of 15-49 years of age and who had delivery within one year prior to data collection were interviewed. For the analysis of determinants of C-section, the explanatory variables were maternal age, educational status of women and their husbands, women's religion, employment status and access to mobile phone, wealth index of the household, distance to the nearest health facility from the household, the number of ANC visits and presence of complications during pregnancy and the last childbirth. Logistic regression model was run among 850 women, who had facility delivery. Variables found significantly associated with the outcome (C-section) in bivariate analysis were included in the multivariable logistic model. A pvalue <0.05 was considered as statistically significant in the analyses. Results Of the 2,768 women included in the study, 13% had C-sections. The mean (±SD) age of respondents was 25.4 (± 0.1) years. The adjusted prevalence of C-section was 13.1 times

Prevalence and Factors Associated With Caesarean Section in Rwanda: a Trend Analysis of Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey 2000 to 2019-20

“…Since it is possible for women to have more than one CS in three years, we used the participants' unique identi ers and weighted samples to account for the clustering of CS. The explanatory variables included in the study were identi ed from a review of literature on factors associated with CS use [12,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. Supplementary Table 1 operationalises these variables that include residence (urban or rural), maternal age at birth (<20, 20-34 and ≥35 years), education status (no formal, primary and secondary or higher), access to information (Yes or No), marital status (in-a-union and notin-a-union), occupation (not working, agricultural and formal employment), place of delivery (private, public and home/others), antenatal care (ANC) attendance (<4 and ≥4 visits and missing), the weight of the baby (normal, low birth weight and big baby), sex of the baby (male or female), type of pregnancy (singleton or multiple), parity (1, 2-4, ≥5), partner's education (no formal, primary and secondary or higher), and region (East, West, South, North and Kigali City).…”

Magnitude and associated factors of caesarean section deliveries among women who gave birth in Southwest Ethiopia: institutional-based cross-sectional study

“…The magnitude of caesarean section was varied across different countries. For instance, studies done in Latin American and Caribbean regions 40.5 % [ 2 ], United states 32 % [ 7 ], South Africa 42.4 % [ 8 ], South India 32.6 % [ 9 ], Tanzania 27 % [ 10 ], Sri Lanka 25.13 % [ 11 ], United Arab Emirates 30.2 % [ 12 ], Bangladesh 13 % [ 13 ], and in Ethiopia between 20.2 and 38.3 % of mothers were undergone caesarean section [ 14 – 20 ].…”

“…The most commonly cited factors of performing caesarean section were antepartum haemorrhage, fetal macrosomia, previous history of caesarean section, urban residence, and abnormal presentation were reported [ 13 , 15 – 19 ]. Failed induction of labour, non-reassuring fetal heart rate pattern, and failure of labour progress were reported indications of performing caesarean section [ 8 , 15 , 18 , 21 ].…”

Management of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators during Pregnancy—A Systematic Review

“…Based on this observation, and the fact that no ICD firings have been described during delivery in the literature, it is recommended that antitachycardia function remains on during vaginal deliveries as well as during cesarean sections (C-sections) as long as the cautery is not involved [ 18 ]. According to a prevalence of 13% of C-sections in the general population, operative delivery seems more common in the evaluated studies of pregnant women with an ICD [ 55 ].…”