Prevalence and experimental transmission of the steelhead herpesvirus in salmonid fishes

First detection of a viral agent causing disease in farmed sturgeon in Russia

“…These data are in agreement with the relevant findings in white sturgeon infected with WSHV-2 (Watson et al 1995. The SbSHV replicated to a higher titre in fingerlings than in 2 yr old fish, which is also true for other fish herpesviruses such as Salmonid herpesvirus 1 and CCV (Eaton et al 1989). Similarly, changes of disease manifestation in fish within ageing from fry to subadults were reported for Salmonid herpesvirus 2 (Tanaka et al 1984, Kumagai et al 1994, Yoshimizu et al 1995.…”

“…The virus levels in affected liver usually corresponded to the degree of alteration found and was often the highest among internal organs. This, along with greater frequency of virus isolation from liver, indicated this organ as the principal target for Salmonid herpesviruses 1 and 2 (Ishigaki et al 1987, Eaton et al 1989, Kimura & Yoshimizu 1989. We believe that regarding the internal organs, this is true for SbSHV as well.…”

“…(2) weakly virulent viruses causing chronic systemic infections without specific involvement of the integument: Salmonid herpesvirus 1 (Eaton et al 1989 (Hedrick et al 1991), white sturgeon herpesvirus 2 (Watson et al 1995), Salmonid herpesvirus 2 (Kimura, Yoshimizu 1989), carp pox herpesvirus (Sano et al 1990), koi herpesvirus (Hedrick et al 2000), epizootic epitheliotropic disease virus of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush (Bradley et al 1989, McAllister & Herman 1989, herpesvirus of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (Iida et al 1989), herpesvirus of angelfish Pterophyllum altum (Mellergaard & Bloch 1988), herpesvirus of blue-eyed plecostomus Panaque suttoni (Yanong 1995), and other viruses; (4) weakly virulent viruses causing or associated with mild to benign conditions accompanied by the abovementioned integumentary manifestations: walleye Stizostedion vitreum vitreum diffuse epidermal hyperplasia herpesvirus (Kelly et al 1983), spawning papillomatosis herpesvirus of European smelt Osmerus eperlanus (Anders & Möller 1985), Atlantic salmon Salmo salar papillomatosis herpesvirus (Shchelkunov et al 1992), northern pike Esox lucius herpesvirus (Yamamoto et al 1984), sheatfish Silurus glanis herpesvirus (Békési et al 1984), European eel Anguilla anguilla herpesvirus (Békési et al 1986), Anguillid herpesvirus 1 (Hangalapura et al 2007), and other viruses.…”

Anti-viral activity in four species of salmonids following exposure to poly inosinic:cytidylic acid

“…with 4 X lo3 TCID,o of IHNV and the other half with 0.2 m1 EMEM-0. Twenty fish from each of the variously treated groups of each species were held in separate tanks to determine the percent mortalities due to IHNV, and the IHNV titer in all mortalities was determined by TCIDSO assay as described by Eaton et al (1989) in order to demonstrate that the cause of death was the virus. In addition, 3 live fish from each treatment group were sampled each week for 5 wk and the IHNV TCIDSo titer of each pooled 3-fish sample was determined.…”

Hepatic lesions in a redstriped rockfish (Sebastes proriger) suggestive of a herpesvirus infection

“…Cells infected with several viruses of this family exhibit typical, amphophilic to eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies (Cowdry Type A inclusions), surrounded by an artifactual halo, that possess demonstrable DNA by the Feulgen stain (Roizman 1982, Von Lichtenberg 1984. Some, such as Herpesvirus salmonis, the closely-related steelhead herpesvirus, the turbot herpesvirus, and other herpesviruses infecting mammalian hosts, cause syncytia or multinucleated giant cell formation, along with coagulative necrosis, edema, and associated hemorrhage in internal organs such as the liver and pancreas (Strano 1976, Wolf & Smith 1981, Von Lichtenberg 1984, Wolf 1988, Eaton et al 1989.…”