Prevalence and etiology of molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in the city of Istanbul

Abstract

Background/purpose Molar-Incisor-Hypomineralisation (MIH) is the term used to depict a condition in which one or more of the permanent molar teeth and usually no less than one incisor tooth is hypomineralised and the prevalence rates vary from 2.4 to 40.2%. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and the risk factors of MIH in children in Istanbul, Turkey. Materials and methods A total of 1511 (760 M, 751 F), 8- to 11-year-old children were examined who had their first permanent molar and incisors evaluated using the EAPD criteria for MIH. Hypomineralized molars and incisors were recorded based on developmental defects of enamel index. The potential aetiological factors were retrieved through personal interview and etiological questions were asked to the parents. Statistical analysis was performed with a chi-Square test. Results MIH was observed in 215 (14.2%; 102 male, 113 female) children. The sample (1511 children) comprised 71 (9.9%) 8 year-olds with MIH and 144 (18.2%) 11 year-olds with MIH. A significant difference was found between 8 (9.9%) and 11-year-old (18.2%) children with MIH (p ≤ 0.001). Complications during the mother's pregnancy, birth prematurity, average breast feeding period, diarrhea frequency, digestive system diseases, asthma, frequent high fever, ear infection, renal failure, rubeola, chickenpox and parotitis were found to be significantly associated with MIH (p < 0.001). Conclusion There are many events that can cause MIH which we cannot control or predict. Therefore, longitudinal studies with large sample size are needed so as to determine how various likely etiological factors described affect the etiological role.

Prevalence, aetiology, and treatment of molar incisor hypomineralization in children living in Izmir City (Turkey)

“…Therefore, in this study, we examined birth data and the child's medical history in addition to giving more detailed information about the level and incidence of MIH, which is the strength of our study. As in many studies, there was no relationship between gender and MIH in our study. Zawaideh et al, however, reported the rate of MIH to be higher in girls and Jalevik et al to be higher in boys.…”

“…Similar to the studies of these two researchers, we observed PEB, atypical restoration, and extracted molar due to MIH in patients with preterm birth and low birthweight. There are also reports presenting different results, however; Koruyucu et al and Allazzam et al reported no relationship between low birthweight and MIH.…”

“…(9.7%). In the study of Koruyucu et al., which was conducted on children at the age of 8 and 11 years in Istanbul, the rate of MIH was detected to be 9.9% in the age group of 8 years and 18.2% in the age group of 11 years and it was stated that it increased with age. Although the prevalence of MIH was reported to be higher than ours by some researchers, Preusser et al .…”

“…As many researchers, we classified MIH in four categories (demarcated opacities, PEB, atypical restorations, and extracted FPMs, filling, extracted molar due to MIH) . Our aim was to present the severity and incidence of MIH in more detail.…”

“…Although the incidence of MIH was found to be 2.8% in Chinese children, it was 40.2% in Brazilian children . The difference between the studies can result from the index that was used, study method, age range, health systems of the countries, and socio‐economic status …”