Prevalence and Epidemiology of Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium Infection in Two Areas of Egypt Recently Reclaimed from the Desert

El-Sayed, Hesham; Rizkalla, Nadia Hosny; Mehanna, Sohair R.; Abaza, Sherif; Winch, Peter J.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1995.52.194

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Wilmott (1987) reported that S. haematobium is still of predominance infection in Middle and Upper Egypt, while the ecological changes and irrigation practices have introduced S. mansoni and its snail vector B. alexandrina to these areas. Land reclamation extended the transmission of schistosomiasis to new areas in Egypt (El-Sayed et al, 1995). Khalil and Sleem (2011) stated that the latest report of the Egyptian Ministry of Health indicated that the percentage of infected people with Schistosoma has decreased significantly to only 4% compared to 45% during 1960s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of some environmental factors on distribution of certain vector snails in five Egyptian Governorates

Saad

Mostafa²,

Azzam³

et al. 2012

Egypt. J. of Aquatic Biolo. and Fish.

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The present study showed that the distribution of the intermediate host snails of Fasciola sp. and Schistosoma sp. varied among the five surveyed Egyptian governorates. It was found that the ratios of distribution of Lymnaea natalensis, Bulinus truncatus and Biomphalaria alexandrina snails of the total surveyed sites were 44.1%, 26.9% and 4.9% respectively. Moreover, infected L. natalensis, B. truncatus and B. alexandrina snails in these sites were 1.96%, 3.4% and 0.98% respectively. However, infected L. natalensis and B. truncatus were found in Damietta and Beheira, while infected B. alexandrina were found only in Giza. Spring was the highest season in percentage of collected snails (38.9%), while summer was the lowest one (8.8%). L. natalensis, B. truncatus and B. alexandrina showed high distribution in Ismailia, Damietta and Giza governorates as represented by 4.16, 4.38 and 0.51 snails/site respectively. Some environmental factors were found affecting the distribution of snails. The means of pH and temperature in positive sites for vector snails were 6.8 and 26.7°C respectively. L. natalensis, B. truncatus appeared in water of electric conductivity mean of 415.5 µ.mhos/cm and 284.5 ppm of mean total dissolved salts, while B. alexandrina was found at 481 µ.mhos/cm and 603 ppm respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of some environmental factors on distribution of certain vector snails in five Egyptian Governorates

Saad

Mostafa²,

Azzam³

et al. 2012

Egypt. J. of Aquatic Biolo. and Fish.

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“…Infections are rarely found in modern populations living along the Nile in Upper Egypt and Northern Sudan; only in the Fayoum governate did prevalence reach 4.3% (Abdel‐Wahab et al,2000). However, prevalence estimates between 40 and 50% have been made for populations living near recently implemented irrigation schemes in the region (El‐Sayed et al,1995). The prevalence of schistosomiasis can be underestimated due to variations in fecal egg presence and count (the most commonly used technique for infection diagnosis) (de Vlas and Gryseels,1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Irrigation and infection: The immunoepidemiology of schistosomiasis in ancient Nubia

Hibbs

Secor

Gerven

et al. 2011

American J Phys Anthropol

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Schistosomiasis has been deemed "the most important water-based disease from a global public-health perspective" in modern populations. To better understand the burden of schistosomiasis in ancient populations, we conducted immunologic examinations of desiccated tissue samples from two ancient Nubian populations, Wadi Halfa (N = 46) and Kulubnarti (N = 191). Saqia irrigated agriculture increases the available habitat for the aquatic vector snails and the risk of exposure. On the basis of evidence regarding the impact of saqia irrigation on schistosomiasis prevalence and transmission in modern populations, we predicted that the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection would be higher in Wadi Halfa (saqia irrigation) than Kulubnarti (annual flooding). We also predicted that peak infection prevalence would occur at an earlier age within the Wadi Halfa population than the Kulubnarti population and that in both populations the prevalence of schistosomiasis would be higher in males than females due to differential water contact. The prevalence of S. mansoni was greater in the Wadi Halfa population (26.1%) than at Kulubnarti (9.4%) (P = 0.002). However, peak prevalence of infection did not occur in a younger age category within the Wadi Halfa population; prevalence of infection peaked at 66.7% in the mature adult age group (46+ years) in the Wadi Halfa population and at 16% in the later child age group (6-10 years) in the Kulubnarti population. There were no statistically significant differences in prevalence between males and females of either population. The impact of human alteration of the environment on the transmission of schistosomiasis is clearly shown in these populations.

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“…On the other hand, infection incidence was linked to rainfall in Saudi Arabia (Al-Madani, 1991). Human water use projects also have led to the expansion of carrier-snail populations (Malone et al 1994(Malone et al , 1997Yousif et al, 1996), which may positively influence the incidence of schistosomiasis (El-Sayed et al, 1995).…”

Section: Schistosomiasismentioning

confidence: 98%

Climate Change and Health Research in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

2010

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Anthropologically induced climate change, caused by an increased concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, is an emerging threat to human health. Consequences of climate change may affect the prevalence of various diseases and environmental and social maladies that affect population health. In this article, we reviewed the literature on climate change and health in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. This region already faces numerous humanitarian crises, from conflicts to natural hazards and a high burden of disease. Climate change is likely to aggravate these emergencies, necessitating a strengthening of health systems and capacities in the region. However, the existing literature on climate change from the region is sparse and informational gaps stand in the way of regional preparedness and adaptation. Further research is needed to assess climatic changes and related health impacts in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Such knowledge will allow countries to identify preparedness vulnerabilities, evaluate capacity to adapt to climate change, and develop adaptation strategies to allay the health impacts of climate change.

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Prevalence and Epidemiology of Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium Infection in Two Areas of Egypt Recently Reclaimed from the Desert

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Impact of some environmental factors on distribution of certain vector snails in five Egyptian Governorates

Impact of some environmental factors on distribution of certain vector snails in five Egyptian Governorates

Irrigation and infection: The immunoepidemiology of schistosomiasis in ancient Nubia

Climate Change and Health Research in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

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