Prevalence and epidemiology of microbial pathogens causing bloodstream infections: results of the OASIS multicenter study

Luzzaro, Francesco; Ortisi, G; Larosa, Monica; Drago, Monica; Brigante, Gioconda; Gesu, Giovanni

doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2010.10.016

Cited by 76 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The 2008 Mohnarin Report from China showed that S. aureus (729/10519, 6.9%) is the 3rd most common cause of BSIs in China . In Italy and Brazil, S. aureus is also ranked as the most common cause of BSIs (Luzzaro et al, 2011;Marra et al, 2011). Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in particular has caused increasing concern in health systems throughout the world because of its high incidence and associated undesirable outcomes (Gasch et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular analysis and frequency of Staphylococcus aureus virulence genes isolated from bloodstream infections in a teaching hospital in Tianjin, China

Hu²,

Ym³

et al. 2013

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of bloodstream infections worldwide. We examined the prevalence of genes that encode erythromycin ribosome methylase and bacterial toxins in S. aureus collected from bloodstream infections. Sixty different S. aureus isolates were obtained from blood cultures of patients who were admitted to a Teaching Hospital in Tianjin from January 2006 to August 2011. The susceptibility of the isolates to 16 antibiotics was tested. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was identified using the disk diffusion method with cefoxitin. PCR was used to detect genes that encode the staphylococcal enterotoxins, Panton-Valentine leukocidin, toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 and erythromycin ribosome methylase. Molecular analysis of the MRSA strains was done using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing. The positivity rates of mecA, ermA, ermB, and ermC in the isolates were 13/60, 10/60, 18/60, and 18/60, respectively. Among the ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 12 (1): 646-654 (2013) Virulence genes of Staphylococcus aureus 647 60 isolates, 30 harbored enterotoxin genes, with sea as the most frequent toxin gene (33%), followed by sec (15%), sed (12%), and seb (5%). The see and tst genes were not found in any of the isolates. The pvl gene was detected in four strains. Eleven MRSA isolates were of the SCCmec type III; two MRSA isolates could not be determined through SCCmec typing. PFGE analysis of the 13 MRSA isolates produced 8 distinct pulsotypes. Virulence genes and erythromycin ribosome methylase genes were highly prevalent in these isolates. The PFGE results demonstrated that the MRSA spread through cloning, mainly involving SCCmec type III.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular analysis and frequency of Staphylococcus aureus virulence genes isolated from bloodstream infections in a teaching hospital in Tianjin, China

Hu²,

Ym³

et al. 2013

Genet. Mol. Res.

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“…The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for G3KL was then obtained by culturing 30 l of the broth from the endpoint well and from the log 2 dilution above the MIC onto CAMHII agar plates (BBL) (25). For several strains, carbapenemase genes were already characterized (26)(27)(28)(29); the presence of ␤-lactamase genes (including class A, B, and D carbapenemases) in the remaining isolates was analyzed by implementing the CT103XL microarray (CheckPoints). Phenotypic analysis indicated that among the 32 A. baumannii isolates, there were 5 MDR, 24 XDR, and 1 PDR isolate, whereas the 35 P. aeruginosa isolates included 8 MDR, 19 XDR, and 2 PDR strains (5).…”

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confidence: 99%

In Vitro Activity of the Novel Antimicrobial Peptide Dendrimer G3KL against Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pires

Siriwardena

Stach

et al. 2015

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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eThe in vitro activity of the novel antimicrobial peptide dendrimer G3KL was evaluated against 32 Acinetobacter baumannii (including 10 OXA-23, 7 OXA-24, and 11 OXA-58 carbapenemase producers) and 35 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (including 18 VIM and 3 IMP carbapenemase producers) strains and compared to the activities of standard antibiotics. Overall, both species collections showed MIC 50/90 values of 8/8 g/ml and minimum bactericidal concentrations at which 50% or 90% of strains tested are killed (MBC 50/90 ) of 8/8 g/ml. G3KL is a promising molecule with antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa isolates. The spread of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates that are resistant to carbapenem antibiotics due to the production of carbapenemases represents a serious threat (1). These strains are usually multidrug-resistant (MDR) due to the coexpression of mechanisms involving other classes of antibiotics, thus drastically limiting our therapeutic armamentarium (2-4). In particular, extensively drug-resistant (XDR) isolates are commonly detected worldwide (5), whereas the prevalence of pandrug-resistant (PDR) isolates is increasing worryingly in several countries (6-8). Therefore, novel antimicrobial strategies need to be rapidly developed.Recently, there has been a rising interest in evaluating naturally occurring or synthetic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with activity against prokaryotic membranes. This attention is due to their wide spectrum of activity against both Gram-positive and Gramnegative species, potent bactericidal activity, and ability to bypass common mechanisms of resistance that affect standard antibiotics (9, 10). However, several reasons have so far limited the clinical implementation of AMPs: (i) high susceptibility to degradation by endogenous and microbial proteases; (ii) toxicity due to the high concentration necessary to inhibit bacteria; and (iii) short half-life because of high protein binding (11). Several authors have modified AMPs to obtain proteolytically resistant versions, mostly by sequence variations and the use of D-amino acids (12-15). However, redesigning the peptide chain topology, in particular by introducing multiple branching points to obtain synthetic AMP dendrimers (AMPDs), seems a promising solution to overcome all of the the aforementioned problems (16-18).G3KL is a novel AMP dendrimer (AMPD) developed at the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry of the University of Bern (Switzerland) by sequence optimization of an initial hit compound identified by screening a combinatorial library of dendrimers using a tailored high-throughput screening assay and presumed to act as a membrane-disrupting agent (19)(20)(21)(22). Its activity requires a dendritic topology and only natural lysine and leucine residues alternating in the branches (Fig. 1). This novel AMPD has demonstrated in vitro activity against several Gram-negative strains, low toxicity to human red blood cells (minimal hemolytic ...

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“…Therefore, our results are not necessarily applicable to other settings and populations. However, the bloodstream isolates we encountered are representative of those commonly reported in Italian hospitals and in other parts of the world as well (52,53). Almost half (47.9%) of the microorganisms responsible for our patients' BSIs were Gram-negative bacilli, many of which were multidrug-resistant (data not shown).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Performance of Two Resin-Containing Blood Culture Media in Detection of Bloodstream Infections and in Direct Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) Broth Assays for Isolate Identification: Clinical Comparison of the BacT/Alert Plus and Bactec Plus Systems

et al. 2014

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We compared the clinical performances of the BacT/Alert Plus (bioMérieux) and Bactec Plus (Becton Dickinson) aerobic and anaerobic blood culture (BC) media with adsorbent polymeric beads. Patients >16 years old with suspected bloodstream infections (BSIs) were enrolled in intensive care units and infectious disease wards. A single 40-ml blood sample was collected from each and used to inoculate (10 ml/bottle) one set of BacT/Alert Plus cultures and one set of Bactec Plus cultures, each set consisting of one aerobic and one anaerobic bottle. Cultures were incubated <5 days in the BacT/Alert 3D and Bactec FX instruments, respectively. A total of 128 unique BSI episodes were identified based on the recovery of clinically significant growth in 212 aerobic cultures (106 BacT/Alert and 106 Bactec) and 151 anaerobic cultures (82 BacT/Alert and 69 Bactec). The BacT/Alert aerobic medium had higher recovery rates for Gram-positive cocci (P ‫؍‬ 0.024), whereas the Bactec aerobic medium was superior for recovery of Gram-negative bacilli (P ‫؍‬ 0.006). BacT/Alert anaerobic medium recovery rates exceeded those of the Bactec anaerobic medium for total organisms (P ‫؍‬ 0.003), Gram-positive cocci (P ‫؍‬ 0.013), and Escherichia coli (P ‫؍‬ 0.030). In terms of capacity for diagnosing the 128 septic episodes, the BacT/Alert and Bactec sets were comparable, although the former sets diagnosed more BSIs caused by Gram-positive cocci (P ‫؍‬ 0.008). They also allowed earlier identification of coagulase-negative staphylococcal growth (mean, 2.8 h; P ‫؍‬ 0.003) and growth in samples from patients not on antimicrobial therapy that yielded positive results (mean, 1.3 h; P < 0.001). Similarly high percentages of microorganisms in BacT/Alert and Bactec cultures (93.8% and 93.3%, respectively) were identified by direct matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry assay of BC broths. The BacT/Alert Plus media line appears to be a reliable, timesaving tool for routine detection of BSIs in the population we studied, although further studies are needed to evaluate their performance in other settings.

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Prevalence and epidemiology of microbial pathogens causing bloodstream infections: results of the OASIS multicenter study

Cited by 76 publications

References 25 publications

Molecular analysis and frequency of Staphylococcus aureus virulence genes isolated from bloodstream infections in a teaching hospital in Tianjin, China

Molecular analysis and frequency of Staphylococcus aureus virulence genes isolated from bloodstream infections in a teaching hospital in Tianjin, China

In Vitro Activity of the Novel Antimicrobial Peptide Dendrimer G3KL against Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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