Prevalence and diversity of insertion sequences in the genome of Bacillus thuringiensis YBT-1520 and comparison with other Bacillus cereus group members

Qiu, Ning; He, Jin; Wang, Yan; Cheng, Gang; Li, Mingshun; Sun, Ming; Zhou, Yu

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2010.02033.x

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…S1 , Supplementary Material online). In fact, disruption of various genes by IS 231 elements is not an unusual phenomenon in B. thuringiensis ( Qiu etal. 2010 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Environment of cry1 Genes Indicates Their Common Origin

Fiedoruk

Daniluk

Mahillon

et al. 2017

Genome Biology and Evolution

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Although in Bacillus thuringiensis the cry genes coding for the insecticidal crystal proteins are plasmid-borne and are usually associated with mobile genetic elements, several aspects related to their genomic organization, diversification, and transmission remain to be elucidated. Plasmids of B. thuringiensis and other members of the Bacillus cereus group (n = 364) deposited in GenBank were screened for the presence of cry1 genes, and their genetic environment was analyzed using a comparative bioinformatic approach. The cry1 genes were identified in 27 B. thuringiensis plasmids ranging from 64 to 761 kb, and were predominantly associated with the ori44, ori60, or double orf156/orf157 and pXO1-16/pXO1-14 replication systems. In general, the cry1 genes occur individually or as a part of an insecticidal pathogenicity island (PAI), and are preceded by genes coding for an N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase and a putative K+(Na+)/H+ antiporter. However, except in the case of the PAI, the latter gene is disrupted by the insertion of IS231B. Similarly, numerous mobile elements were recognized in the region downstream of cry1, except for cry1I that follows cry1A in the PAI. Therefore, the cassette involving cry1 and these two genes, flanked by transposable elements, named as the cry1 cassette, was the smallest cry1-carrying genetic unit recognized in the plasmids. Conservation of the genomic environment of the cry1 genes carried by various plasmids strongly suggests a common origin, possibly from an insecticidal PAI carried by B. thuringiensis megaplasmids.

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“…S1 , Supplementary Material online). In fact, disruption of various genes by IS 231 elements is not an unusual phenomenon in B. thuringiensis ( Qiu etal. 2010 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Environment of cry1 Genes Indicates Their Common Origin

Fiedoruk

Daniluk

Mahillon

et al. 2017

Genome Biology and Evolution

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“…The B. thuringiensis strain YBT-1520 was isolated in China and the whole-genome was sequenced by a shotgun approach previously (with 2 gaps in chromosome, unpublished data) [15], [37]. All B. thuringiensis strains were inoculated from freshly streaked Luria Bertani (LB) agar plates (1% tryptone, 0.5% yeast extract, 0.5% NaCl, and 1.5% agar) cultured overnight into 10 mL of LB media.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Plasmid Copy Number Reveals the Total Plasmid DNA Amount Is Greater than the Chromosomal DNA Amount in Bacillus thuringiensis YBT-1520

Zhong

Peng

et al. 2011

PLoS ONE

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Bacillus thuringiensis is the most widely used bacterial bio-insecticide, and most insecticidal crystal protein-coding genes are located on plasmids. Most strains of B. thuringiensis harbor numerous diverse plasmids, although the plasmid copy numbers (PCNs) of all native plasmids in this host and the corresponding total plasmid DNA amount remains unknown. In this study, we determined the PCNs of 11 plasmids (ranging from 2 kb to 416 kb) in a sequenced B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain YBT-1520 using real-time qPCR. PCNs were found to range from 1.38 to 172, and were negatively correlated to plasmid size. The amount of total plasmid DNA (∼8.7 Mbp) was 1.62-fold greater than the amount of chromosomal DNA (∼5.4 Mbp) at the mid-exponential growth stage (OD600 = 2.0) of the organism. Furthermore, we selected three plasmids with different sizes and replication mechanisms to determine the PCNs over the entire life cycle. We found that the PCNs dynamically shifted at different stages, reaching their maximum during the mid-exponential growth or stationary phases and remaining stable and close to their minimum after the prespore formation stage. The PCN of pBMB2062, which is the smallest plasmid (2062 bp) and has the highest PCN of those tested, varied in strain YBT-1520, HD-1, and HD-136 (172, 115, and 94, respectively). These findings provide insight into both the total plasmid DNA amount of B. thuringiensis and the strong ability of the species to harbor plasmids.

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“…They are found in every kingdom of life, but in bacteria, they are often more abundant in cells living in extreme environments (8)(9)(10)(11). Transposable elements are DNA sequences with defined ends that can move locus within and between genomes by means of excision and integration reactions that are independent of homologous recombination.…”

Section: Mobile Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Genome Instability

Darmon

Leach

2014

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

340

289

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SUMMARY Bacterial genomes are remarkably stable from one generation to the next but are plastic on an evolutionary time scale, substantially shaped by horizontal gene transfer, genome rearrangement, and the activities of mobile DNA elements. This implies the existence of a delicate balance between the maintenance of genome stability and the tolerance of genome instability. In this review, we describe the specialized genetic elements and the endogenous processes that contribute to genome instability. We then discuss the consequences of genome instability at the physiological level, where cells have harnessed instability to mediate phase and antigenic variation, and at the evolutionary level, where horizontal gene transfer has played an important role. Indeed, this ability to share DNA sequences has played a major part in the evolution of life on Earth. The evolutionary plasticity of bacterial genomes, coupled with the vast numbers of bacteria on the planet, substantially limits our ability to control disease.

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Prevalence and diversity of insertion sequences in the genome of Bacillus thuringiensis YBT-1520 and comparison with other Bacillus cereus group members

Cited by 17 publications

References 29 publications

Genetic Environment of cry1 Genes Indicates Their Common Origin

Genetic Environment of cry1 Genes Indicates Their Common Origin

Determination of Plasmid Copy Number Reveals the Total Plasmid DNA Amount Is Greater than the Chromosomal DNA Amount in Bacillus thuringiensis YBT-1520

Bacterial Genome Instability

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