Prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among three immigrant groups in Finland: evidence from a population-based study using standardised 25-hydroxyvitamin D data

Adebayo, Folasade Abiola; Itkonen, Suvi T.; Lilja, Eero; Lundqvist, Annamari; Laatikainen, Tiina; Koponen, Päivikki; Cashman, Kevin D.; Erkkola, Maijaliisa; Lamberg‐Allardt, Christel

doi:10.1017/s1368980019004312

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…only data older than 10 years were available. The prevalence of Vit D deficiency ranged from 6.0-75.5% with the lowest and highest rates reported in Finland, 32 and Turkey 45 respectively. In 11 of the countries, the majority (>50%) of the adult population studied was Vit D deficient (i.e.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Prevalence of vitamin D is not associated with the COVID-19 epidemic in Europe. A critical update of the existing evidence

Bakaloudi

Chourdakis

2021

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Background: COVID-19 has emerged as a global pandemic, affecting nearly 104 million people worldwide as of February 4th 2021. In previous published studies, the association between the mean Vit D status of each country and COVID-19 infection rate, and mortality among the adult population in European countries was examined. The aim of this study was to re-examine the relationship between the Vit D status of each country and COVID-19 infection, recovery, and mortality using updated data and a different methodological approach. Methods: Information only form the last decade on Vit D concentration/deficiency for each country was retrieved through literature search on PubMed database. As of February, 4th 2021, COVID-19 infections and mortalities per one million population as well as total recoveries were extracted from the Worldometer website. The association between vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 infection, recovery, and mortality were explored using correlation coefficients and scatterplots. Results: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among European countries ranged from 6.0 (Finland) to 75.5% (Turkey), with several countries facing more than 50% of vitamin D deficiency among their population. Non-significant correlations were observed between the number of COVID-19 infections (r=0.190; p=0.374), recoveries (rs=0.317, p=0.131), and mortalities (r=0.129; p=0.549) per one million population, with the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. Conclusions: Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was not significantly associated with either number of infections, recoveries or mortality rate of COVID-19 among European countries. Thus, it is an important parameter to be considered when implementing preventive measures to face COVID-19.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Prevalence of vitamin D is not associated with the COVID-19 epidemic in Europe. A critical update of the existing evidence

Bakaloudi

Chourdakis

2021

Preprint

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“…Mean vitamin D status among adult populations seems to be at approximately the same level in the [12,35,55,56]. Average vitamin D intakes in the general population in Finland and Norway are slightly higher than those in the other Nordic countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, there is a need for comprehensive guidelines for vitamin D supplementation in addition to the recommendations for consumption of vitamin D-rich foods. [35,42,43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies show that pregnant Caucasian women have seemingly good vitamin D status, the proportion having <50 nmol/l ranging from 1% to 28% in different population groups [54][55][56][57]. However, and 85%, respectively, had S-25(OH)D ˂50 nmol/l [35]. Nevertheless, a smaller study carried out in 2014 among Somali women in Finland showed slightly higher mean 25(OH)D concentrations (56 nmol/l); however, 56% of subjects had inadequate status [36].…”

Section: Pregnant Women and Immigrants As Risk Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a recent dietary survey among infants and toddlers of mothers with Somali or Iraqi background in Norway showed that median vitamin D intakes were now 12-14 µg/d at 12 months of age and 7-9 µg/d at 2 years of age due to widespread supplementation[33]. A low prevalence of vitamin D supplement use among adult Asian and African immigrants has been observed[34,35]. In contrast, at the baseline of two small intervention studies, among a small population of Pakistani women in Denmark, 61% used vitamin D supplements and 30% multivitamin supplements in 2015[32] and among a population of Somali women in Finland, 88% used vitamin D supplements in 2014[36].Among pregnant women, when supplement use was included, vitamin D intakes in the Nordic countries usually met the recommendations of 10 µg/d[37][38][39][40].Vitamin D status Plasma/serum 25(OH)D concentrations of ≥50 nmol/l are considered sufficient, while concentrations of 30-49 nmol/l indicate insufficiency and <30 nmol/l deficiency [2,4].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin D status and current policies to achieve adequate vitamin D intake in the Nordic countries

Itkonen

Andersen

Björk

et al. 2020

Scand J Public Health

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Aims: Nordic countries share fairly similar food culture and geographical location as well as common nutrition recommendations. The aim of this paper was to review the latest data on vitamin D status and intake and to describe the national supplementation and food fortification policies to achieve adequate vitamin D intake in the Nordic countries. Methods: The data are based on results derived from a literature search presented in a workshop held in Helsinki in November 2018 and completed by recent studies. Results: Vitamin D policies and the implementation of the recommendations differ among the Nordic countries. Vitamin D fortification policies can be mandatory or voluntary and widespread, moderate or non-existent. Vitamin D supplementation recommendations differ, ranging from all age groups being advised to take supplements to only infants. In the general adult population of the Nordic countries, vitamin D status and intake are better than in the risk groups that are not consuming vitamin D supplements or foods containing vitamin D. Non-Western immigrant populations in all Nordic countries share the problem of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency. Conclusions: Despite the common nutrition recommendations, there are differences between the Nordic countries in the implementation of the recommendations and policies to achieve adequate vitamin D intake and status. There is a need for wider Nordic collaboration studies as well as strategies to improve vitamin D status, especially in risk groups.

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Individual participant data (IPD)-level meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials to estimate the vitamin D dietary requirements in dark-skinned individuals resident at high latitude

et al. 2021

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Context and purposeThere is an urgent need to develop vitamin D dietary recommendations for dark-skinned populations resident at high latitude. Using data from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with vitamin D 3 -supplements/fortified foods, we undertook an individual participant data-level meta-regression (IPD) analysis of the response of wintertime serum 25-hydroxyvitamin (25(OH)D) to total vitamin D intake among dark-skinned children and adults residing at ≥ 40° N and derived dietary requirement values for vitamin D. Methods IPD analysis using data from 677 dark-skinned participants (of Black or South Asian descent; ages 5-86 years) in 10 RCTs with vitamin D supplements/fortified foods identified via a systematic review and predefined eligibility criteria. Outcome measures were vitamin D intake estimates across a range of 25(OH)D thresholds. Results To maintain serum 25(OH)D concentrations ≥ 25 and 30 nmol/L in 97.5% of individuals, 23.9 and 27.3 µg/day of vitamin D, respectively, were required among South Asian and 24.1 and 33.2 µg/day, respectively, among Black participants. Overall, our age-stratified intake estimates did not exceed age-specific Tolerable Upper Intake Levels for vitamin D. The vitamin D intake required by dark-skinned individuals to maintain 97.5% of winter 25(OH)D concentrations ≥ 50 nmol/L was 66.8 µg/day. This intake predicted that the upper 2.5% of individuals could potentially achieve serum 25(OH)D concentrations ≥ 158 nmol/L, which has been linked to potential adverse effects in older adults in supplementation studies. Conclusions Our IPD-derived vitamin D intakes required to maintain 97.5% of winter 25(OH)D concentrations ≥ 25, 30 and 50 nmol/L are substantially higher than the equivalent estimates for White individuals. These requirement estimates are also higher than those currently recommended internationally by several agencies, which are based predominantly on data from Whites and derived from standard meta-regression based on aggregate data. Much more work is needed in dark-skinned populations both in the dose-response relationship and risk characterisation for health outcomes. Trail registration PROSPERO International Prospective Register of SystematicReviews (Registration Number: CRD42018097260)

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Prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among three immigrant groups in Finland: evidence from a population-based study using standardised 25-hydroxyvitamin D data

Cited by 14 publications

References 42 publications

Prevalence of vitamin D is not associated with the COVID-19 epidemic in Europe. A critical update of the existing evidence

Prevalence of vitamin D is not associated with the COVID-19 epidemic in Europe. A critical update of the existing evidence

Vitamin D status and current policies to achieve adequate vitamin D intake in the Nordic countries

Individual participant data (IPD)-level meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials to estimate the vitamin D dietary requirements in dark-skinned individuals resident at high latitude

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