Prevalence and determinants of Vitamin A deficiency among children in India: Findings from a national cross-sectional survey

Kundu, Sampurna; Rai, Balram; Shukla, Anandi

doi:10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100768

Cited by 17 publications

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“…We found that 6.1% (137/2250) participants were having marginal and 1.6% participants are having vitamin A deficiency. Contrary to our findings CNNS reported 17.54% [ 61 ] prevalence of vitamin A deficiency. This may possibly be the due to change in regulation notified by Government of India, on mandatory Vitamin A fortification of cooking oil in year 2018 [ 62 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of specific micronutrient deficiencies in urban school going children and adolescence of India: A multicenter cross-sectional study

et al. 2022

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Introduction Childhood and adolescence require adequate amount of micronutrients for normal growth and development. The primary objective of study was to assess the prevalence of deficiencies of Vitamins (Vitamin A, 25 Hydroxy Vitamin D, Vitamin B12 and Folate) and minerals (Calcium, Zinc, Selenium and Iron), among urban school going children aged 6–11 and 12–16 years in ten cities of India. Secondary objective was to find the association between micronutrient deficiencies with sociodemographic and anthropometric indicators. Methods A multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted across India. Participants in the age groups of 6 to 11 years (group 1) and 12 to 16 years (group 2) were selected from randomly chosen schools from each center. Data on socio economic status, anthropometric measures was collected. Blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis of micronutrients. Point estimates and 95% confidence intervals was used to assess the prevalence of deficiencies. Associations were observed using chi square, student t test and ANOVA test. Results From April 2019 to February 2020, 2428 participants (1235 in group 1 and 1193 group 2) were recruited from 60 schools across ten cites. The prevalence of calcium and iron deficiency was 59.9% and 49.4% respectively. 25 Hydroxy Vitamin D deficiency was seen in 39.7% and vitamin B12 in 33.4% of subjects. Folate, Selenium and Zinc were deficient in 22.2%, 10.4% and 6.8% of subjects respectively. Vitamin A deficiency least (1.6%). Anemia was prevalent in 17.6% subjects and was more common among females. Conclusion One or more micronutrient deficiencies are found in almost one half of school going children in urban area. Hence efforts must be made to combat these on priority. Trial registration number CTRI/2019/02/017783.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of specific micronutrient deficiencies in urban school going children and adolescence of India: A multicenter cross-sectional study

et al. 2022

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“…A negative association between the proportion of children aged 9 to 35 months receiving vitamin A dose and the prevalence of anemia among children under 5 years was observed in few districts of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. Kundu et al 15 reported that the prevalence of anemia was higher among children who did not receive any vitamin A–rich foods in India. A cross-sectional study in Indonesia explored the dietary determinants as risk factors for anemia in children aged 6 to 36 months.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A negative association between the proportion of children aged 9 to 35 months receiving vitamin A dose and the prevalence of anemia among children under 5 years was observed in few districts of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. Kundu et al 15 reported that the prevalence of anemia was higher among children Abbreviations: ANC, antenatal care; GWR, geographically weighted regression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Primary and Secondary SaTScan Analysis Result of Children Aged 6 to 59 Months Who Are Anemic. ,30, 35, 29, 54, 55, 57, 42, 31, 50, 39, 36, 28, 56, 41, 32, 33, 37, 38, 40,14,17,18,19,25,24,23, 34,16,20,15,22,21, 44, 43, 221, 53, 67, 68, 92, 227, 91, 229, 242, 49, 77, 94, 65, 231, 230, 61, 237, 223, 241, 45, 222, 234, 46, 238, 93, 62, 52, 228, 209, 232, 99, 218, 235, 225, 63, 236, 47, 69, 246, 351, 75, 216, 64, 233, 245, 226, 60, 224, 219, 74, 76, 344, 243, 350, 72, 169, 239, 212, 164,357, 220, 48, 240, 168, 377, 66, 89, 244, 73, 340, 211, 71, 180, 165, 215, 359, 210, 353, 355, 349, 217, 70, 247, 90, 58, 335, 182, 59, 331, 95, 354, 181, 342, 361, 178, 339, 363, 174, 347, 167, 173, 362, 674, 341, 186, 332, 356, 446, 170, 376, 343, 172, 360, 424, 675, 676, 366, 429, 171, 443 …”

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confidence: 99%

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Anemia Among Children Under 5 Years in India: A District-Level Spatial Analysis Using NFHS-5 Data

Puranik

Shreya

2021

Asia Pac J Public Health

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The 2015/2016 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) revealed that the prevalence of anemia among children under 5 years is 58% in India. Lack of nutritional supplementation and lack of health care facilities are found to be important influential factors of anemia among children. We aimed to examine district-level spatial heterogeneity and clustering of associated factors with childhood anemia in India. Geographically weighted regression was applied on the NFHS-5 data for 335 districts. Factors such as prevalence of nutritional supplementation in children and mothers, birth order, antenatal care, diarrhea in children, and stunting were found to be significantly associated. Spatial scan statistics technique identified 3 significant local spatial clusters of anemia. This study provides findings based on the latest available data which can further assist in the design and execution of tailor-made policies.

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“…Guided by existing literature, 31 – 36 a set of variables representing maternal characteristics was also constructed. They are mother’s age at first birth, mother’s education, maternal body mass index (BMI), tobacco and alcohol use of mothers, if the mother was pregnant or breastfeeding at the time of the survey, if the mother lives with husband/partner, and diabetes and hypertension status of mothers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimated effect of vitamin A supplementation on anaemia and anthropometric failure of Indian children

Kumar

2022

Pediatr Res

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Background India has an unacceptably high burden of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) among children aged 6–59 months. To mitigate VAD and its adverse effects on child health, the Indian government runs a nationwide vitamin A supplementation (VAS) programme. However, the effect of VAS in reducing child morbidity and mortality remains inconclusive and has been debated globally. In this paper, we estimate the effect of VAS on two indicators of child nutrition—anaemia (categorized into any anaemia, and mild/moderate anaemia) and anthropometric failure (categorized into stunting, wasting, and underweight) among children aged 6–59 months. Methods Using the nationally representative 2015–2016 National Family Health Survey data set from India, we set up a quasi-experimental study design and estimated household and mother fixed-effects of VAS on select types of child anaemia and anthropometric failure. Results Findings from both the household fixed-effects and mother fixed-effects analysis showed that VAS does not influence any types of childhood anaemia and anthropometric failure in India. We discussed the findings considering existing literature and possible limitations of the study. Conclusions The infirm effect of Vitamin A on anaemia and anthropometric failure is probably indicative of targeted VAS intervention, as opposed to a universal VAS programme. Impact Effects of vitamin A supplementation (VAS) in treating child morbidity and mortality remain inconclusive, which calls for further rigorous studies. This study set up a quasi-experimental research design and estimated the null effect of VAS on child anaemia and childhood anthropometric failure. While the cautious interpretation of findings is urged, this study reliably supports targeted intervention of VAS, instead of the universal VAS programme. The use of nationally representative data and robust research protocol are the primary strengths of this study.

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Prevalence and determinants of Vitamin A deficiency among children in India: Findings from a national cross-sectional survey

Cited by 17 publications

References 20 publications

Prevalence of specific micronutrient deficiencies in urban school going children and adolescence of India: A multicenter cross-sectional study

Prevalence of specific micronutrient deficiencies in urban school going children and adolescence of India: A multicenter cross-sectional study

Anemia Among Children Under 5 Years in India: A District-Level Spatial Analysis Using NFHS-5 Data

Estimated effect of vitamin A supplementation on anaemia and anthropometric failure of Indian children

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