Prevalence and determinants of hypertension among Iranian adults, Birjand, Iran

Toba, Kenji; Hajihosseini, Morteza; Mashreghi-Moghadam, Hamidreza; Azdaki, Nahid; Ziaee, Masood

doi:10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_103_16

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The estimated prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was 42% in Iran according to the results of a meta-analysis study (22). All these three risk factors were more frequent in women than in men in this study, similar to other studies (14,15,19,21). There are various prevalence rates for these three CVD risk factors in the national studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The results of a systematic review in Iran showed that the prevalence rates of HTN were 23% and 50% in the 30 -55-year-old and more than 50-year-old populations, respectively (14). Another study conducted in Birjand reported the HTN prevalence of 20.1% among the 15 -70-year-old population (15). Another study from Iran estimated the HTN prevalence of 18.6% in 30 years or older populations (16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimating the Frequency of Risk Factors and the 10-Year Risk of Developing Cardiovascular Diseases in Middle-aged Population in Kerman, Iran

2019

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Background:Estimating the future risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and conducting primary prevention interventions in the high-risk groups are effective strategies. Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of CVD risk factors and the results of CVD risk assessment in Kerman in 2017. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 450 middle-aged participants referring to health care centers using the multistage random sampling method. The risk prediction chart developed by the WHO and International Society of Hypertension was used for risk assessment. We used middle-aged population surveillance forms to extract the risk factors of CVDs. The prevalence of different risk factors was reported. Besides, we reported the CVD risk classifications and the prevalence of some risk factors. Results: The prevalence rates of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia were 20.9%, 9.6%, and 8.6%, respectively. Moreover, 64.1% of the participants were overweight or obese. Abnormal waist circumference was observed in 57.5% of the participants. The prevalence of smoking was 12.9%. The prevalence rates of a sedentary lifestyle, inadequate fruit consumption, inadequate vegetable consumption, saturated fat consumption, and high-salt food consumption were 47.7%, 28.3%, 40.7%, 23.1%, and 25.3%, respectively. The prevalence rates of low, moderate, and high or very high risks of CVD were 90.3%, 5.3%, and 4.4%, respectively. Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of CVD risk factors in the middle-aged population. Policymakers should design effective interventions for modifying the main risk factors. Risk management is the main step to conduct strategies targeting high-risk groups.It is estimated that more than 80% of CVDs, DM (type 2), and stroke cases are preventable using risk factor modification strategies (10). A reduction in TC, smoking, and systolic blood pressure prevalence can decline the CVDs mor-Copyright © 2019, Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits copy and redistribute the material just in noncommercial usages, provided the original work is properly cited. Risk Factors Men, No. (%) Women, No. (%) Total, No. (%) 40 -50 (N = 183) 50 -60 (N = 42) 40 -60 (N = 225) 40 -50 (N = 173) 50 -60 (N = 52) 40 -60 (N = 225) 40 -50 (N = 356) 50 -60 (N = 94) 40 -60 (N = 450)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the Frequency of Risk Factors and the 10-Year Risk of Developing Cardiovascular Diseases in Middle-aged Population in Kerman, Iran

2019

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“…[26] Obesity is one of the most important determinants of hypertension. [15,27] In our study, with an increase in BMI, the prevalence of hypertension increases (twice in obese people) in line with others also supports association of overweight and central obesity with elevated blood pressure. [22,25,28,29] Obesity is associated with hyper-insulinemia; it is responsible for activating the renin-angiotensin system and reducing salt excretion from the kidneys in HTN.…”

Section: Please Insertsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In this study, the prevalence of high blood pressure increased with age significantly in both sexes, (age-adjusted prevalence rate in 40-69 years old was 44.7%), and an increase in age-related hypertension is seen in almost every population which is consistent with the findings of similar studies in Iran and other countries. [15][16][17] this can be mainly due to age-related changes in the vascular walls due to physiological mechanisms. [18] The mean systolic and diastolic BP were 126.5 and 80.2 mmHg, respectively, that were significantly higher in men.…”

Section: Please Insertmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of hypertension was higher in men which is consistent with other studies in Iran and other studies in high-, middle-, and low income countries. [15,19,20] Several studies have concluded that changes in level of serum estrogen play an important role in the pathophysiology of high blood pressure in women and it has a protective effect on arterial rigidity during reproductive age, which dramatically changes afterward . [21] The level of literacy is related to hypertension.…”

Section: Please Insertmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of hypertension and related risk factors in central Iran: Results from Yazd Health Study

Mirzaei

Mehrara

Gholami

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: Hypertension, the most important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is a public health concern in world. Its prevalence varies between countries, due to differences in lifestyle and other risk factors' profile across the regions. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hypertension and its related risk factors among adults in Yazd Greater Area. Methods: This cross-sectional study is a community-based study of 20-69 year-old adults living in Yazd. The participants were selected by multi-stage random cluster sampling. A valid questionnaire completed in a home visit. Blood pressure (BP), Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference were measured by standard protocol. Self-reported hypertension was recorded. levels of Physical Activity (PA) were categorized by IPAQ-SF. Chi-square test was used for categorical variables to analyze the differences. Multivariate logistic regression was carried out to determine the association of risk factors to hypertension. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 16 software. A p-value less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: With 95% responding(n=9975), half of adults have a low PA and two thirds were overweight or obese. Positive history of hypertension was 18.5% (21.9% in females vs. 15.2% in males). The mean systolic and diastolic BP were 126.5 ± 18.4 mmHg and 80.2 ± 12.5 mmHg, respectively. Prevalence of hypertension was 36% (34.7% for women and 37.3% for men). The prevalence of hypertension is reduced with higher education, more PA, lower BMI and no history of diabetes (P value < 0.0001). Higher BP is less common in smokers (P value < 0.0001). By logistic regression analysis, hypertension were higher among men (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.64-2.03), eldest (OR: 5.15, 95% CI: 4.20-6.31), low-educated (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.17-1.67) and diabetics (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.05-1.38).Hypertension was doubled in obese. There was no significant relationship between PA level, place of residence, smoking and hypercholesterolemia with high BP. Conclusion: Prevalence of hypertension in adults was high. By identifying common modifiable risk factors, health policy makers should prioritize health interventions to control risk factors. It is necessary to inform younger adult groups about ways to select healthy lifestyle and nutritional habits.

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