Prevalence and determinants of hypertension among adult population in Nepal: Data from Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016

Abstract

Like other developing countries, Nepal is currently going through epidemiological transition along with rising burden of Non-communicable Diseases. However, since 2013, no study investigated the prevalence and determinants of hypertension in Nepal involving nationally representative sample. Therefore, this study aimed to find out the current prevalence of hypertension in Nepal and its determinants using the latest nationally representative data obtained from Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2016. The NDHS 2016 collected data on hypertension from 13,304 men and women aged 18 years and above from 5,520 urban and 5,970 rural households covering seven administrative provinces and three ecological zones. Participants were considered as hypertensive when their systolic blood pressure was ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure was ≥90 mmHg and/or they reported taking antihypertensive medication. A total of 19.9% study participants were diagnosed as hypertensive of which majority were male (male-24.3%, female-16.9%), ever married (ever married-21.7%, unmarried-6.1%) and residents of urban area (urban-20.9%, rural-18.3%). Hypertension prevalence has shown growing trend with the increase of age. This prevalence was also higher among rich and overweight/obese individuals. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, older age, male gender, better education, residence at urban area and province 4 and 5 and being overweight/obese were found positive association with having hypertension. When the determinants of hypertension were stratified by sex of the participants, difference was observed in case of age group, education and place of residence. As one out of every five individuals in Nepal are hypertensive, public health initiatives are immediately required for prevention and control of hypertension to reduce mortality and morbidity associated with this progressive disease.

Prevalence and associated factors of pre‐hypertension and hypertension in Nepal: Analysis of the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016

“…However, the prevalence and odds of pre‐hypertension and hypertension were higher in specific regions, such as Provinces 4 and 5. This was also observed by another study that investigated risk factors for hypertension in Nepal . Regional variation has also been observed in studies from other countries, described primarily as a result of differences in socioeconomic conditions and dietary habits .…”

“…Achieving this target could be too difficult for a country without a high awareness level. In Nepal, studies that investigated awareness of hypertension found a low level of awareness . In addition, only a small proportion of people were taking anti‐hypertensive medications to control hypertension .…”

Faktor Risiko Hipertensi pada Lansia di Desa Limau Manis Kecamatan Tanjung Morawa

“…Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Nuarima (2012) menyatakan bahwa orang yang merokok memiliki risiko hipertensi sebesar 9,53 kali lebih besar dibandingkan orang yang tidak merokok (5). Hal ini erat kaitannya nikotin terhadap pembuluh darah yang menyebabakan inflamasi baik pada mantan perokok dan perokok aktif yaitu dengan terjadinya peningkatan jumlah protein Creaktif dan agen-agen inflamasi alami yang dapat menyebabkan disfungsi endotelium pembuluh darah sehingga menyebabkan kerusakan pada pembuluh darah, pembentukan plak pada pembuluh darah dan kekakuan dinding arteri sehingga rentan terjadinya peningkatan tekanan darah (17,18).…”

“…Olahraga dianggap perlu untuk menjaga body mass indeks pasien jantung karena sesuai dengan teori bahwa obesitas memiliki risiko lebih besar terkena penyakit jantung koroner apalagi disertai adanya faktor lain maka akan semakin meningkatkan risiko (7). Obesitas dan penyakit jantung koroner saling berhubungan dengan kadar insulin dimana setiap kenaikan 10% berat badan terjadi peningkatan risiko penyakit jantung koroner sebesar 30% (5,16).…”

“…Data WHO tahun 2015 didapatkan bahwa prevalensi hipertensi 1, 13 Milyar orang di dunia, yang memiliki arti bahwa 1 sari 3 orang di dunia terdiagnosisi hipertensi (5). Jumlah penyandang hipertensi diperkirakan pada tahun 2025 akan menjadi 1,5 Milyar dan diperkirakan setiap tahunnya akan meninggal 10,44 juta orang akibat hipertensi dna komplikasinya (6,7).…”