Prevalence and determinants of cardiovascular disease risk factors among the residents of urban community housing projects in Malaysia

Abstract

Objectives: The objectives are to assess the prevalence and determinants of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among the residents of Community Housing Projects in metropolitan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Method: By using simple random sampling, we selected and surveyed 833 households which comprised of 3,722 individuals. Out of the 2,360 adults, 50.5% participated in blood sampling and anthropometric measurement sessions. Uni and bivariate data analysis and multivariate binary logistic regression were applied to identify demographic and socioeconomic determinants of the existence of having at least one CVD risk factor. Results: As a Result, while obesity (54.8%), hypercholesterolemia (51.5%), and hypertension (39.3%) were the most common CVD risk factors among the low-income respondents, smoking (16.3%), diabetes mellitus (7.8%) and alcohol consumption (1.4%) were the least prevalent. Finally, the results from the multivariate binary logistic model illustrated that compared to the Malays, the Indians were 41% less likely to have at least one of the CVD risk factors (OR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.37 -0.93). Conclusion: In Conclusion, the low-income individuals were at higher risk of developing CVDs. Prospective policies addressing preventive actions and increased awareness focusing on low-income communities are highly recommended and to consider age, gender, ethnic backgrounds, and occupation classes.

The influence of gender on selected risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases in patients hospitalized in surgical wards: A cross-sectional study

“…[18][19][20] Studies carried out in China and USA showed that HNT is a predictor for the occurrence of higher TC values. 21,22 Own study confirmed that HTN is slightly more frequently diagnosed in women than in men; 23 however, many authors indicated that HTN is more common in men. [24][25][26][27][28] In Bosnia and Herzegovina and Brazil, approx.…”

“…22 In the present study, the percentage was much lower, and gender did not affect significantly the number of people with diabetes, as was confirmed by the results of other authors. 24,25 In Malaysia and Lebanon, women were significantly more likely to develop DM; 23,36 however, other studies showed that men often had a significantly higher values of GL. 21,37 On examination day, the IFG (≥100 mg%) were diagnosed in 18.0% of women and 20.9% of men.…”

“…21,25 In Bahrain, Malaysia and Norway increased levels of TC were, on the other hand, more frequently observed in men. 23,28,32 Studies in many countries have shown that patients with increased glucose levels or diabetes more often suffer from CVD, stroke and obesity. [18][19][20][33][34][35] The study by Sun et al showed that the presence of higher TC values correlates with diabetes.…”

Physical Activity and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Low-Income Adults in Metropolitan Kuala Lumpur

“…11 In addition, some shocking findings from a study among low-income communities in urban Kuala Lumpur reported the prevalence of obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and diabetes to be 54.8%, 51.5%, 39.3%, and 7.8%, respectively. 12 These survey findings underline the need to specifically improve efforts to prevent and control the burden of NCD among lowincome communities in urban Malaysia.…”

Cardiovascular Diseases in Relation to Anthropometric, Biochemical and Dietary Intake in Women: A Case Control Study

“…3 The social and economic implications of CVDs in terms of increased burden on the healthcare system, family sufferings, Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) lost, reduced productivity and economic outputs are enormous and well documented. 4,5,6 Pakistan has been confronted with an increasing risk of cardiovascular diseases due to non-implementation of food safety laws, unhealthy dietary practices, poor sanitation and hygiene practices, population explosion, rapid urbanization, limited resources, lack of physical activity and unhealthy lifestyles. 7,8 Women share a greater burden of CVDs than men due to sedentary lifestyles, reproductive stress and poor dietary intake.…”