Prevalence and determinants of antenatal common mental disorders among women in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Kalra, Harish; Tran, Thach; Romero, Lorena; Chandra, Prabha S.; Fisher, Jane

doi:10.1007/s00737-020-01024-0

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…In our current meta-analysis, some factors have been revealed to be inextricably linked to perinatal depression in women, which include lower educational level, poor economic status of families, history of mental illness, domestic violence and multiparity. Similar to our results, domestic violence is significantly associated with perinatal depression [ 53 , 54 ]. And we novelty demonstrated that perinatal smoking or drinking increased the incidence of perinatal depression.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Risk factors of perinatal depression in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Yang

Chen

2022

BMC Psychiatry

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Background Perinatal depression in women is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and has attracted increasing attention. The investigation of risk factors of perinatal depression in women may contribute to the early identification of depressed or depression-prone women in clinical practice. Material and Methods A computerized systematic literature search was made in Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE from January 2009 to October 2021. All included articles were published in English, which evaluated factors influencing perinatal depression in women. Based on the recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration protocols, Review Manager 5.3 was used as a statistical platform. Results Thirty-one studies with an overall sample size of 79,043 women were included in the review. Educational level (P = 0.0001, odds ratio [OR]: 1.40, 95% CI: [1.18,1.67]), economic status of families (P = 0.0001, OR: 1.69, 95%CI: [1.29,2.22]), history of mental illness (P < 0.00001, OR: 0.29, 95% CI: [0.18, 0.47]), domestic violence (P < 0.00001, OR: 0.24, 95% CI: [0.17,0.34]), perinatal smoking or drinking (P = 0.005, OR: 0.63; 95% CI [0.45, 0.87]; P = 0.008, OR: 0.43, 95% CI, [0.23 to 0.80]; respectively), and multiparity(P = 0.0003, OR: 0.74, 95% CI: [0.63, 0.87]) were correlated with perinatal depression in women. The stability of our pooled results was verified by sensitivity analysis and publication bias was not observed based on funnel plot results. Conclusion Lower educational level, poor economic status of families, history of mental illness, domestic violence, perinatal smoking or drinking, and multiparity serve as risk factors of perinatal depression in women.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Risk factors of perinatal depression in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Yang

Chen

2022

BMC Psychiatry

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“…The Low and Middle Income Countries (LAMIC), including India, have a higher rate of anxiety disorders ( Dennis et al, 2017 , Nath et al, 2019 , Priya et al, 2018 ). In India, the rates of common mental disorders in the antenatal period are approximately 22% and include anxiety, depression and stress related disorders ( Kalra et al, 2021 ). While some amount of anxiety during pregnancy is considered ‘normal’, higher levels of anxiety requiring clinical attention are not uncommon, as data from India shows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, a form of anxiety that is specifically related to worries and fears about pregnancy, childbirth (tocophobia), infant health and parenting– the “pregnancy specific anxiety (PSA)” has also been recognized ( Chandra and Nanjundaswamy, 2020 ). Strained marital relationship, perceived lack of social support and violence during pregnancy, lower education and unemployment have been identified as risk factors for anxiety disorders during pregnancy ( Kalra et al, 2021 ). Further, antenatal anxiety disorders have been associated with several adverse maternal and neonatal consequences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiety among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic in India − A multicentric study

Tikka

Parial²,

Pattojoshi

et al. 2021

Asian Journal of Psychiatry

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While higher anxiety during antenatal period cause several maternal and foetal health related complications, lower anxiety levels are found to be associated with lesser “precautionary behaviours” and consequently greater risk of infection, during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we aimed to assess rates and determinants of generalized anxiety at the time of the pandemic as well as anxiety that was specific to the context of being pregnant during the COVID-19 pandemic. (COVID-19-antenatal anxiety) in Indian women. This hospital-based, cross-sectional study using face-to-face interviews was conducted at antenatal clinics of five medical college hospitals in India. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale (GAD −7) and a customized scale to assess antenatal COVID-19 anxiety along with other tools that assessed social support and COVID-19-risk perception were administered to 620 pregnant women. We found that the percentage of women with moderate or severe anxiety based on GAD −7 was 11.1%. Multivariate analysis showed that higher COVID-19-risk perception, greater antenatal COVID-19 anxiety and lower perceived support significantly predicted moderate and severe generalized anxiety. Greater number of weeks of gestation, lower education, semiurban habitat and lower perceived social support were significant predictors of antenatal COVID-19 anxiety. We conclude that the rates of anxiety in pregnant women though not very high, still warrant attention and specific interventions.

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“…In the first systematic review of the evidence, the prevalence rates of PCMDs were found to be much higher in LMICs than in HICs (Fisher et al 2012). This finding has been consistently replicated in subsequent systematic reviews focussed on individual countries (Upadhyay et al 2017;Duko et al 2020;Kalra et al 2021) regions (Mahendran et al 2019;Prabhu et al 2019;Dadi et al 2020b, a;. 2020b, a;Endomba et al 2021) and globally (Woody et al 2017;Jha et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Burden of severe maternal peripartum mental disorders in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review

Kalra

Tran

Romero

et al. 2022

Arch Womens Ment Health

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Peripartum severe mental disorders (PSMDs) encompass schizophrenia, affective psychosis, and psychotic and non-psychotic forms of bipolar disorders. PSMDs are well documented in high-income countries. However, much less is known about the prevalence of PSMDs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The aim was to review the available literature systematically and estimate the prevalence of PSMDs among women in LMICs. We searched the Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Maternity and Infant Care databases systematically from the date of inception to Dec 31, 2020, for English-language publications with data on the prevalence of PSMDs among women in World Bank–defined LMICs. Selection of studies, extraction of data and assessment of study quality were each undertaken independently by at least two of the investigators. A total of five studies (completed in three countries spanning two continents) met the inclusion criteria. Five studies reported cumulative incidence of postpartum psychosis (ranging from 1.1 to 16.7 per 1000 births). We found no studies on the prevalence of severe mental disorder during pregnancy in these settings. Marked heterogeneity in methodology precluded meta-analysis. These findings indicate that PSMDs occur at a similar prevalence in low- and middle-income to high-income countries. However overall, there is a paucity of high-quality evidence from these settings. There is a need for rigorous studies with standardized methods to increase knowledge of the nature, prevalence, and determinants of PSMDs among women in resource-constrained LMICs to inform policies, service development, program planning and health professional training.

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Prevalence and determinants of antenatal common mental disorders among women in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 22 publications

References 59 publications

Risk factors of perinatal depression in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Risk factors of perinatal depression in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Anxiety among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic in India − A multicentric study

Burden of severe maternal peripartum mental disorders in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review

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