Prevalence and Determinants of Anemia and Iron Deficiency  in Kuwait

Zenki, Sameer Al; Alomirah, Husam; Hooti, Suad Al; Hamad, Nawal Al; Jackson, Robert T.; Rao, Aravinda; Jahmah, Nasser Al; Obaid, Ina’am Al; Ghanim, Jameela Al; Somaie, Mona Al; Zaghloul, Sahar; Othman, Amani Al

doi:10.3390/ijerph120809036

Cited by 28 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…Another significant finding in our study was the very high prevalence of anaemia (30%) in Kuwaiti pregnant women. Several studies have shown that anaemia is a significant public health problem in Kuwait (23)(24)(25). Previous studies from Kuwait reported that 28.7-36.8% of pregnant Kuwaiti women were anaemic (25,26) and our results agree with these reports.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Pregnancy outcome variables and associated factors in different nationalities living in Kuwait

Rahman

Al-Rashidi

Akhtar

2017

East Mediterr Health J

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Différences en matière d'issues de grossesse et leurs prédicteurs entre les diverses nationalités résidant au KoweïtRÉSUMÉ La présente étude visait à analyser les différences en matière d'issue de grossesse entre les différentes nationalités résidant au Koweït. Des données transversales ont été recueillies auprès de 369 dyades mère-nouveauné au moment de l'accouchement sur la taille de la mère, l'hémoglobine (Hb) maternelle, l'hémoglobine de l'enfant (Hbe), le périmètre brachial (PB), l'âge gestationnel, le poids du placenta (PP), le poids de naissance (PN), la taille vertex-talon (TVT), et le périmètre crânien (PC). Des différences significatives ont été observées entre les diverses nationalités en ce qui concerne l'Hb maternelle, le PC, le LVT, le PP et la taille de la mère. Les femmes koweïtiennes et indiennes présentaient un PP plus faible et leurs bébés avaient un PC et une TVT inférieures. La prévalence de l'anémie (Hb <11,0 g/dL) était comprise entre 7,1 % (Libanaises) et 30,0 % (Koweïtiennes) avec une prévalence globale de 19,5 %. La prévalence du faible poids de naissance était de 3,5 %. L'analyse de régression linéaire multiple a révélé que le PP constituait un facteur prédictif pour le PN, la LVT et le PC. Des différences significatives ont été observées entre les diverses nationalités en termes d'Hb maternelle, de PC, de LVT, de PP et de taille de la mère. L'importance de ces différences et les facteurs qui y contribuent nécessitent des recherches supplémentaires. ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate differences in pregnancy outcome among various nationalities residing in Kuwait. Cross-sectional data were collected from 369 mother-infant dyads at delivery on mother height (MH), mother haemoglobin (mHb), child haemoglobin (cHb), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), gestational age (GA), placental weight (PW), birth weight (BW), crown-heal length (CHL), and head circumference (HC). Significant differences among various nationalities were observed in mHb, HC, CHL, PW and MH. Kuwaiti and Indian women had lower PW and their babies had lower HC and CHL. Prevalence of anaemia (Hb <11.0 g/dL) ranged from 7.1% (Lebanese) to 30.0% (Kuwaiti) with the overall prevalence of 19.5%. Prevalence of low birth weight was 3.5%. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed PW as a significant predictor of BW, CHL and HC. Significant differences among various nationalities were observed in mHb, HC, CHL, PW and MH.The significance of these differences and their contributing factors needs further research. ‫الكويت‬ ‫يف‬ ‫املقيمة‬ ‫املختلفة‬ ‫اجلنسيات‬ ‫بني‬ ‫ومنبئاته‬ ‫احلمل‬ ‫نتائج‬ ‫يف‬ ‫االختالفات‬

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Pregnancy outcome variables and associated factors in different nationalities living in Kuwait

Rahman

Al-Rashidi

Akhtar

2017

East Mediterr Health J

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“…These estimates are far higher than our estimate in this study. However, a fairly recent study has estimated the prevalence of anemia in adolescents (12-14 years) to be 8.8% in males and 5.7% in females 15 . Over many years KNSS has used capillary blood that is collected from finger, measuring Hb by the portable HemoCue method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anemia and its associated factors among Adolescents in Kuwait

Shaban

Al-Taiar

Rahman

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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We estimated the prevalence of anemia among school children and investigated factors associated with this problem in Kuwait. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1415 adolescents randomly selected from middle schools in Kuwait. Hemoglobin, iron, ferritin, folate and vitamin B 12 , in addition to many other laboratory indicators, were measured in a venous blood sample. Data on risk factors for anemia were collected from parents and adolescents. Multiple logistic regression was used to investigate factors associated with anemia. The prevalence of anemia was 8.06% (95% CI: 6.69-9.60%), which was significantly higher among females compared to males (10.96% vs. 5.04%; p < 0.001). Mean (SD) Hb level was 133.7 (9.89) g/L and 130.00 (10.48) g/L among males and females, respectively (p < 0.001). The prevalence of mild, moderate and severe anemia was 5.94%, 1.91% and 0.21%, respectively. Gender, age, iron concentration and ferritin were associated with anemia in multivariable analysis. These data indicate that anemia among school children in Kuwait is of mild public health significance. Further reduction in anemia in school girls should focus on correcting iron deficiency. Surveillance systems for anemia may consider using a cutoff point that is specific for the method of blood sampling and the method of Hb measurement. Anemia is characterized by hemoglobin (Hb) concentration being lower than a specific threshold, and thus creating an impairment in meeting the oxygen demands of tissues 1. It is a major public health problem with around 1,620 million people worldwide diagnosed with anemia 2. Generally, a quarter of the world's population is considered anemic but the prevalence of anemia varies considerably between high-income countries (around 9%) and low-income countries (around 43%) 2. Due to physiological reasons, pregnant women, women of childbearing age and young children are particularly vulnerable 3. Anemia has significant implications in terms of mortality 4 , as well as impaired work capacity and economic development 5. Anemia during childhood has been linked to growth delay, high risk of infections, and poor cognitive and motor development, which may lead to loss of work productivity later in life 3,6. In fact, anemia is among the top leading causes of disability-adjusted life years lost among adolescents 7. Anemia can result from decreased erythrocyte production or increased blood loss, either through hemolysis, bleeding or both. These are determined by nutritional, infectious or genetic factors 8. Genetic factors are responsible for hemoglobinopathies, such as sickle cell anemia and thalassemia, while in some settings infectious diseases like malaria, soil-transmitted helminths and schistosomiasis are major contributors to anemia. Nutritional anemia results from insufficient nutrients that are needed during Hb synthesis and erythropoiesis. These particularly include iron deficiency (assumed to be responsible for 50% of all anemias 4), folic acid deficiency, vitamin B 12 deficiency, vitamin A deficiency and p...

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“…To date, few studies (1) have been conducted to investigate the epidemiology of IDA. Most of them were focused on populations of developing countries (15)(16)(17)(18), selected cohorts of patients with kidney (19) and/or cardiovascular diseases (20).…”

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confidence: 99%