Prevalence and degree of thyroid pathology in hyperthyroid cats increases with disease duration: a cross-sectional analysis of 2096 cats referred for radioiodine therapy

Peterson, Mark E.; Broome, Michael R.; Rishniw, Mark

doi:10.1177/1098612x15572416

Cited by 35 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(109 reference statements)

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“…Approximately, 2% of hyperthyroid cats develop thyroid carcinoma, which can be classified as either follicular, papillary or mixed (Turrel et al 1988, Hibbert et al 2009). However, the prevalence of malignancy developing within a feline goiter appears to increase progressively over time, especially if the toxic goiter is not definitively treated with thyroidectomy or radioiodine (Peterson 2012, Broome & Peterson 2014, Peterson & Broome 2014a. A similar prevalence of thyroid cancer is also reported in humans with toxic nodular goiter (Sokal 1954, Gandolfi et al 2004, Cerci et al 2007, Khan & Nose 2010.…”

Section: Pathology Of Feline Toxic Nodular Goitermentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Because feline hyperthyroidism most often results from benign adenomatous nodules of the thyroid gland, it is both clinically and pathologically similar to toxic nodular goiter or Plummer's disease in humans (Hoenig et al 1982, Carpenter et al 1987, Gerber et al 1994, Paschke 2013). Similar to human toxic nodular goiter, this feline disease is a progressive disease, with cats transitioning from a subclinical stage to overt hyperthyroidism as the automatous thyroid nodules increase in size (Wakeling et al 2007, 2011, Broome & Peterson 2014, Peterson & Broome 2014a). As such, this disease offers a unique animal model for the study of toxic nodular goiter, as well as other disorders associated with benign neogeneration of endocrine tissue ranging from simple hyperplasia and adenomatous hyperplasia to true adenoma (Gerber et al 1994, Derwahl & Studer 2002.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ANIMAL MODELS OF DISEASE: Feline hyperthyroidism: an animal model for toxic nodular goiter

Peterson¹

2014

Journal of Endocrinology

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Section: Pathology Of Feline Toxic Nodular Goitermentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ANIMAL MODELS OF DISEASE: Feline hyperthyroidism: an animal model for toxic nodular goiter

Peterson¹

2014

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Serum T 4 concentrations in the cats that had been treated with methimazole (ie, the drug was discontinued ≥7 days before evaluation) were higher than in those that had not been treated with methimazole. This finding was not unexpected because hyperthyroidism is progressive in cats, 32,33 and treating with methimazole over weeks to months allows the underlying thyroid disease to become more severe. Nevertheless, prior treatment with methimazole had no effect on development of subclinical bacteriuria in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Hyperthyroidism is not a risk factor for subclinical bacteriuria in cats: A prospective cohort study

Peterson

Soboroff³

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Subclinical bacteriuria is defined as a positive bacterial urine culture in the absence of clinical evidence of urinary tract infection (UTI). Studies have reported that hyperthyroid cats have UTIs (mostly subclinical) with prevalence rates of 12%-22%. Consequently, clinicians consider hyperthyroidism a risk factor for development of subclinical bacteriuria, and many recommend urine culture when evaluating hyperthyroid cats.Objectives: To compare the prevalence of subclinical bacteriuria (based on positive urine culture) in untreated hyperthyroid cats to that in euthyroid cats of similar age and sex.Animals: Three hundred and ninety-three hyperthyroid cats presented for radioiodine treatment and 131 euthyroid cats (≥7 years of age) presented for routine examination. Cats with signs of lower urinary tract disease were excluded.Methods: Prospective cohort study. Both hyperthyroid and euthyroid cats had urine collected by cystocentesis for complete urinalysis and culture. Data pertaining to age, sex, body condition, and serum thyroxine and creatinine concentrations also were acquired. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate for potential risk factors for subclinical bacteriuria.Results: Hyperthyroid cats showed a low prevalence of subclinical bacteriuria (4.3%), which did not differ from that found in euthyroid cats (4.6%). Of the signalment factors evaluated, only female sex was a significant risk factor (odds ratio [OR], 6.9; P = .002). Furthermore, positive urine cultures were more likely in specimens with dilute urine concentration (<1.035), pyuria, or microscopic bacteriuria.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Hyperthyroid cats are not at risk for subclinical bacteriuria. In the absence of lower urinary tract signs, no clinical benefit exists in routinely performing urine cultures when evaluating hyperthyroid cats. K E Y W O R D S feline, hematuria, pyuria, subclinical bacteriuria, urinary tract infection, urine culture Abbreviations: cTSH, canine TSH; IQR, interquartile range; SDMA, serum symmetric dimethylarginine; T 4 , thyroxine; TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone; UTI, urinary tract infection.

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“…Thyroid palpable cervical nodule was unilateral in eight cats and bilateral in nine cats. Bilateral thyroid lobe enlargement is more common in hyperthyroid cats (Peterson et al, 2015). Of the 16 cats in which echocardiogram evaluation was realized, 14 had cardiac abnormalities.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PTH and ionized calcium evaluation in unilateral thyroidectomized cats

Corgozinho

Cunha

Silva

et al. 2016

RBCV

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ResumoO objetivo deste estudo é avaliar as concentrações de cálcio ionizado e paratormônio intacto (iPTH) após a tireoidectomia com implantação da paratireoide em gatos hipertireoideos. Gatos hipertireoideos podem apresentar hipocalcemia por apresentarem distúrbio na homeostase de cálcio. A tireoidectomia pode levar a hipocalcemia pós-operatória, sendo, portanto, fundamental a mensuração dos níveis de cálcio antes da cirurgia em pacientes hipertireoideos. Dezessete gatos com hipertireoidismo com lobos cervicais palpáveis foram examinados e avaliados laboratorialmente para a cirurgia. Tireoidectomia unilateral com implantação da glândula paratireoide foi realizada. Hemograma completo, ureia, creatinina, fosfatase alcalina, alanino aminotransferase, fósforo, potássio e tiroxina total foram realizados antes e sete dias após a cirurgia. Amostras de sangue para avaliar cálcio ionizado e paratormônio intacto foram coletadas antes e nos dias 1, 2, 7, 15 e 21 após a cirurgia. Os níveis séricos de cálcio diminuíram significativamente em 24 horas após a cirurgia. Hipocalcemia subclínica ocorreu em dois gatos. As concentrações de iPTH foram uniformemente baixas ao longo do estudo e não avaliaram a função da glândula paratireoide após a tireoidectomia nesses gatos. Não houve correlação entre os níveis de cálcio e de iPTH. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que os níveis de iPTH não indicam função da glândula paratireoide e que os níveis de cálcio devem ser avaliados antes da tireoidectomia, mesmo nos casos de tireoidectomia unilateral.Palavras-chave: calcemia, gatos, hipertireoidismo, paratireoide. AbstractThe aim of this study was to measure ionized calcium and intact parathormone concentrations after unilateral thyroidectomy with parathyroid autotransplantation in hyperthyroid cats. Hiperthyroid cats may have calcium homeostasis disorder and have decreased calcium concentration. Calcium levels decrease after thyroidectomy and their levels must be measured before thyroidectomy. Seventeen hyperthyroid cats with palpable nodules were submitted to clinical and laboratorial examination and they were prepared to surgery. Unilateral thyroidectomy with parathyroid gland autotransplantation was performed. Concentrations of serum urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, phosphorus, potassium, total thyroxine and hematologic profile were determined before and seven days after surgery. Blood samples for serum ionized calcium concentration were collected before and after surgery on days 1, 2, 7, 15, 21. Serum calcium concentration fell significantly in all cats within 24 hours after surgery. Hypocalcemia occurred in two cats without clinical signs. The iPTH concentration measurements for samples throughout the study were uniformly low, with no patterns or trends identified. There wasn't correlation between serum calcium levels and iPTH levels in any moment before and after surgery. iPTH couldn't indicate parathyroid gland function after thyroidectomy in cats. The results of this study suggest that calcium conc...

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Prevalence and degree of thyroid pathology in hyperthyroid cats increases with disease duration: a cross-sectional analysis of 2096 cats referred for radioiodine therapy

Abstract: Our results indicate that the prevalence of severe hyperthyroidism, large thyroid tumors, multifocal disease, intrathoracic thyroid masses and suspected malignant disease all increase with disease duration in cats referred for radioiodine therapy.

Cited by 35 publications

References 48 publications

ANIMAL MODELS OF DISEASE: Feline hyperthyroidism: an animal model for toxic nodular goiter

ANIMAL MODELS OF DISEASE: Feline hyperthyroidism: an animal model for toxic nodular goiter

Hyperthyroidism is not a risk factor for subclinical bacteriuria in cats: A prospective cohort study

PTH and ionized calcium evaluation in unilateral thyroidectomized cats

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