Prevalence and Data Availability of Early Childhood Caries in 193 United Nations Countries, 2007–2017

Tantawi, Maha El; Foláyan, Morẹ́nikẹ́ Oluwátóyìn; Mehaina, Mohamed; Vuković, Ana; Castillo, Jorge Luis; Gaffar, Balgis; Arheiam, Arheiam; Al‐Batayneh, Ola B.; Kemoli, Arthur; Schroth, Robert J; Lee, Gillian H. M.

doi:10.2105/ajph.2018.304466

Cited by 105 publications

(122 citation statements)

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“…Early childhood caries is a disease of high prevalence worldwide ranging between 23.8% and 57.3% in children younger than 36 months and children aged 36 to 71 months, respectively. [10] To the best of our knowledge, there were no studies focusing on the cariogenic or erosive potential in terms of pH and sugar content of LOPM used in long-term by children in Jordan. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the pH and sugar content in LOPMs that are frequently used by Jordanian children for long-term in order to estimate the potential risk of these drugs for dental caries and dental erosion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cariogenic and erosive potential of liquid oral pediatric medicines of long-term use for children: an in vitro analysis

Al‐Batayneh

Al-Bataina

Khader

et al. 2020

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Background Liquid oral pediatric medicines (LOPM) contain sucrose and glucose and can have a low pH; their chronic administration may increase the risk for dental caries and erosion in children. The aim of this study was to determine sucrose and glucose concentrations, and pH of LOPMs of long-term use by children. Methods A cross sectional survey was conducted among 95/381 pharmacies to assess the most commonly prescribed LOPM by pharmacists in North Jordan, yielding 42 medicines which were analyzed for sucrose and glucose concentrations (mg/g) using HPLC-RID, and pH measurement using pH-meter CP-505. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 19.0. Differences were considered significant at P ≤ 0.05. Results The lowest and highest sucrose concentrations were for Ramlac® (0.9%) from the gastrointestinal medicines and Varolex® (79.5%) from the nutritional medicines, respectively. The lowest and highest glucose concentrations were for Adol® (0.0%) from the central nervous medicines and Pediavit-D® (81.1%) from the nutritional medicines, respectively. The pH ranged from 3.2 for Varolex® from the nutritional medicines to 10.0 for Zithromax® from the antibiotics medicines. Conclusions Some of the LOPMs studied had high sucrose or glucose concentrations (or both) and low pH which could increase their potential of causing dental caries and erosion when ingested frequently and chronically.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cariogenic and erosive potential of liquid oral pediatric medicines of long-term use for children: an in vitro analysis

Al‐Batayneh

Al-Bataina

Khader

et al. 2020

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“…The outcome variable was the percentage of 3-5-yearold children with ECC. This data was collected in a previous study [26] through comprehensive search of the World Health Organization database and the existing literature without restriction by gender or language. The literature search used systematic methodology and was conducted in several databases reported in the primary study, using the definition of ECC adopted by the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry: ECC was defined as one or more decayed, missing due to decay or filled primary tooth surfaces in children less than 72 months of age [50].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Baker et al [25] and El Tantawi [26] identified a strong association between contextual variables and caries in adults and in preschool children respectively. Prior studies have demonstrated that access to and consumption of sugar is higher in low-resourced settings due to high sugar containing meals being a cheaper readily accessible alternative diet [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between early childhood caries and poverty in low and middle income countries

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Background: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between early childhood caries (ECC) in 3-5-yearold children, seven indicators of poverty and the indicator of monetary poverty in low-and middle-income countries (LICs, MICs). Methods: This ecologic study utilized 2007 to 2017 country-level data for LICs and MICs. Explanatory variables were seven indicators of poverty namely food, water, sanitation, health, shelter, access to information, education; and monetary poverty. The outcome variable was the percentage of 3-5-year-old children with ECC. A series of univariate general linear regression models were used to assess the relationship between the percentage of 3-5 year-old children with ECC and each of the seven indicators of poverty, and monetary poverty. This was followed by multivariable regression models to determined the combined effect of the seven indicators of poverty, as well as the combined effect of the seven indicators of poverty and monetary poverty. Adjusted R 2 measured models' ability to explain the variation among LICs and MICs in the percentage of 3-5-year-old children with ECC. Results: Significantly more people had food, sanitation, shelter, access to information, education and monetary poverty in LICs than in MICs. There was no difference in the prevalence of ECC in 3-5-year-old children between LICs and MICs. The combination of the seven indicators of poverty explained 15% of the variation in the percentage of 3-5-year-old children with ECC compared to 1% explained by monetary poverty. When the seven indicators of poverty and the indicator for monetary poverty were combined, the amount of variation explained by them was 10%. Only two of the poverty indicators had a direct relationship with the percentage of children with ECC; there was a higher percentage of ECC in countries with higher percentage of population living in slums (B = 0.35) and in those countries with higher percentage of the population living below poverty lines (B = 0.19). The other indicators had an inverse relationship. Conclusion: The use of multiple indicators to measures of poverty explained greater amount of variation in the percentage of 3-5-year-olds with ECC in LICs and MICs than using only the indicator for monetary poverty.

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“…The outcome variable was the prevalence of ECC. Data on ECC prevalence from 2007 to 2017 were obtained from the study by El Tantawi et al [3]. These are data for children under 6 years of age who had one or more decayed, missing or filled primary tooth [65] split by age groups: 0 to 2 years, and 3 to 5 years.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Eccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women’s Economic Empowerment, Participation in Decision-Making and Exposure to Violence as Risk Indicators for Early Childhood Caries

Foláyan

Tantawi

Vuković

et al. 2020

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Objectives In view of the association between early childhood caries [ECC] and maternal social risk factors, this study tried to determine if there were associations between indicators of processes, outputs and outcomes of women’s empowerment, and the prevalence of ECC. Methods In this ecological study, indicators measuring the explanatory variables - economic empowerment, decision-making and violence against women - were selected from the Integrated Results and Resources Framework of the UN-Women Strategic Plan 2018-2021 and WHO database. Indicators measuring the outcome variables - the prevalence of ECC for children aged 0 to 2 years, and 3 to 5 years - were extracted from a published literature. The general linear models used to determine the association between the outcome and explanatory variables were adjusted for economic level of countries. Regression estimates (B), 95% confidence intervals and partial eta squared (η 2 ) were calculated. Results Countries with more females living under 50% of median income had higher prevalence of ECC for 3 to 5-year olds (B= 1.82, 95% CI= 0.12, 3.52). Countries with higher percentage of women participating in their own health care decisions had higher prevalence of ECC for 0 to 2-year-olds (B= 0.85, 95% CI= 0.03, 1.67). Countries with higher percentage of women participating in decisions related to visiting family, relatives and friends had higher prevalence of ECC for 3 to 5-year-olds (B= 0.67, 95% CI= 0.03, 1.32). None of the indicators for violence against women was significantly associated with the prevalence of ECC. Conclusion Empowerment of women is a welcome social development that may have some negative impact on children’s oral health. Changes in policies and norms are needed to protect children’s oral health while empowering women.

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Prevalence and Data Availability of Early Childhood Caries in 193 United Nations Countries, 2007–2017

Abstract: Countries with more physicians and more dentists were more likely to have ECC data. Among those with data, countries with higher economic growth had higher ECC prevalence.

Cited by 105 publications

References 17 publications

Cariogenic and erosive potential of liquid oral pediatric medicines of long-term use for children: an in vitro analysis

Cariogenic and erosive potential of liquid oral pediatric medicines of long-term use for children: an in vitro analysis

Association between early childhood caries and poverty in low and middle income countries

Women’s Economic Empowerment, Participation in Decision-Making and Exposure to Violence as Risk Indicators for Early Childhood Caries

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