Prevalence and course of subthreshold anxiety disorder in the general population: A three-year follow-up study

Bosman, Renske C.; Have, Margreet ten; Graaf, Ron de; Muntingh, Anna; Balkom, A.J.L.M. van; Batelaan, Neeltje M.

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.01.018

Cited by 58 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…There is a continuous relationship between dimensions of symptoms and adverse outcomes. This relationship between gradually more symptoms and greater impairment begins well below diagnostic thresholds, which argues against limiting care to only those who meet binary diagnostic thresholds [74][75][76][77][78] . Similarly, the extensive changes in symptoms over time -heterotypic continuity -refutes the view of mental disorders as enduring discrete conditions 79 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical models of psychopathology: empirical support, implications, and remaining issues

et al. 2021

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There is an ongoing revolution in psychology and psychiatry that will likely change how we conceptualize, study and treat psychological problems. Many theorists now support viewing psychopathology as consisting of continuous dimensions rather than discrete diagnostic categories. Indeed, recent papers have proposed comprehensive taxonomies of psychopathology dimensions to replace the DSM and ICD taxonomies of categories. The proposed dimensional taxonomies, which portray psychopathology as hierarchically organized correlated dimensions, are now well supported at phenotypic levels. Multiple studies show that both a general factor of psychopathology at the top of the hierarchy and specific factors at lower levels predict different functional outcomes. Our analyses of data on a large representative sample of child and adolescent twins suggested the causal hypothesis that phenotypic correlations among dimensions of psychopathology are the result of many familial influences being pleiotropic. That is, most genetic variants and shared environmental factors are hypothesized to non‐specifically influence risk for multiple rather than individual dimensions of psychopathology. In contrast, person‐specific experiences tend to be related to individual dimensions. This hierarchical causal hypothesis has been supported by both large‐scale family and molecular genetic studies. Current research focuses on three issues. First, the field has not settled on a preferred statistical model for studying the hierarchy of causes and phenotypes. Second, in spite of encouraging progress, the neurobiological correlates of the hierarchy of dimensions of psychopathology are only partially described. Third, although there are potentially important clinical implications of the hierarchical model, insufficient research has been conducted to date to recommend evidence‐based clinical practices.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical models of psychopathology: empirical support, implications, and remaining issues

et al. 2021

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“…Anxiety is highly prevalent in patients suffering with co-occurring medical conditions, including metabolic syndrome and diabetes [3], cancer [4], HIV infection [5], and several other conditions. Anxiety is also highly prevalent in the general population: a study investigating subthreshold anxiety disorder in the general Dutch population has found a prevalence of 11.4% [6], whilst another study investigating self-evaluated anxiety in the general Norwegian population found that 6.6% of respondents reported current anxiety, and 21.7% of them reported lifetime anxiety [7]. Due to their high prevalence, anxiety disorders are considered as an epidemic and a Public Health concern [2,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychotropic effects of L-theanine and its clinical properties: From the management of anxiety and stress to a potential use in schizophrenia

Sakamoto

Ribeiro

Bueno

et al. 2019

Pharmacological Research

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“…Upon a request from EFSA to update the evidence on the relationship between the proposed risk factor and the diseases, the applicant provided four additional observational studies on the association between subthreshold and mild anxiety and the above-mentioned diseases. The study populations included the general adult population (Bosman et al, 2019), elderly with visual impairment (Heesterbeek et al, 2017), young adults (Cross et al, 2017), and adolescent girls (Goldstein et al, 2017). In all these studies, subthreshold and/or mild anxiety were associated with an increased risk of either anxiety or depressive disorders.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiofit‐1 and reduction of subthreshold and mild anxiety: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006

Nutrition¹,

Turck²,

Castenmiller³

et al. 2020

EFS2

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Following an application from Anxiofit Ltd., submitted for authorisation of a health claim pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 via the Competent Authority of Hungary, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the scientific substantiation of a health claim related to Anxiofit-1 and reduction of subthreshold and mild anxiety. The food, Anxiofit-1, Echinacea angustifolia root extract, standardised for the content of echinacoside (at least 3%) and the profile of alkamides, which is the subject of the health claim, is sufficiently characterised. The Panel considers that reduction of subthreshold and mild anxiety is a beneficial physiological effect. Subthreshold and mild anxiety are risk factors for anxiety and depressive disorders. One human intervention study showed an effect of Anxiofit-1 (80 mg/day given for 7 days) on the state anxiety and not on the trait subscale in subjects with subthreshold or mild anxiety. These results are supported by two human intervention studies conducted with Anxiofit-1 at 40 mg/day for 7 days and 6 weeks, respectively, which, on their own, cannot be used for the substantiation of the claim either because of methodological limitations or because the results cannot be extrapolated to the target population for the claim. All the human intervention studies submitted have been conducted in a similar setting, the results of the study with Anxiofit-1 given at 80 mg/day have not been confirmed by other research groups. The information submitted by the applicant does not provide evidence for a plausible mechanism by which Anxiofit-1 could exert the claimed effect. The Panel concludes that the scientific evidence is insufficient to establish a cause and effect relationship between the consumption of Anxiofit-1 and reduction of subthreshold and mild anxiety.

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Prevalence and course of subthreshold anxiety disorder in the general population: A three-year follow-up study

Cited by 58 publications

References 63 publications

Hierarchical models of psychopathology: empirical support, implications, and remaining issues

Hierarchical models of psychopathology: empirical support, implications, and remaining issues

Psychotropic effects of L-theanine and its clinical properties: From the management of anxiety and stress to a potential use in schizophrenia

Anxiofit‐1 and reduction of subthreshold and mild anxiety: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006

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