Prevalence and Correlates of Self-Reported Cardiovascular Diseases Among a Nationally Representative Population-Based Sample of Adults in Ecuador in 2018

Abstract

Background This study aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of self-reported cardiovascular diseases (SRCVDs) among adults in Ecuador. Methods National cross-sectional survey data of 4638 persons aged 18–69 years in Ecuador were analysed. Research data were collected with an interview-administered questionnaire, physical and biochemical measurements. Results The prevalence of SRCVDs was 8.7%, 8.5% among men and 8.9% among women. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, being Montubio (adjusted odds ratio-AOR: 1.66, 95% confidence interval-CI: 1.10–2.50), family alcohol problems (AOR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.19–2.65), past smoking tobacco (AOR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.02–1.81), and poor oral health status (AOR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.19–2.54) were associated with SRCVD. In addition, in unadjusted analysis, older age, alcohol dependence, obesity, and having hypertension were associated with SRCVD. Conclusion Almost one in ten persons aged 18–69 years had SRCVD in Ecuador. Several associated factors, including Montubio by ethnicity, family alcohol problems, past smoking, and poor oral health status, were identified, which can be targeted in public health interventions.

Prevalence and associated factors of cross-sectional and incident self-reported arthritis or rheumatism among a national community sample of middle-aged and older adults in Thailand

“…Furthermore, the study found associations between poor mental health (neurological or psychiatric problems, sleep symptoms, poor mental health and in unadjusted analysis probable depression) and SRA, which is consistent with previous results ( 5 , 10 , 18 – 21 , 26 – 28 ). The association between sleep problems and arthritis may be related to pain at night ( 19 ).…”

“…The study found that the cross-sectional prevalence of SRA (4.0%) was lower than in previous studies among middle-aged and older adults in India (14.7%) ( 6 ), in six lower resourced countries (19.9% among women and 14.1% among men) ( 4 ), in China (31.4%) ( 7 ), in South Africa (24.7%) ( 5 ), and in Mexico ( 18 ). The lower prevalence of SRA in Thailand may be attributed to a lower rate of some risk factors, such as obesity, compared to other middle-income countries ( 7 ).…”

“…The lower prevalence of SRA in Thailand may be attributed to a lower rate of some risk factors, such as obesity, compared to other middle-income countries ( 7 ). Some other explanation for these country differences could be differences in the measurement of SRA, however, in all the studies cited here in India ( 6 ), China ( 7 ), Mexico ( 18 ), South Africa ( 5 ), and the six-country study ( 4 ) used exactly the same SRA, as in this study. However, the relatively low rate of SRA in Thailand appears to be confirmed in a community study in rural Thailand (≥15 years) with a prevalence of 11.3% osteoarthritis (based on radiographic and serological examinations) ( 39 ), and the global observation age-standardized incidence rates were the lowest in Southeast Asia (6.2), and the highest in high-income North America (22.5), South Asia (20.7), and Western Europe (20.4) ( 40 ).…”

“…Sociodemographic factors associated with arthritis include older age ( 7 – 11 ), female sex ( 7 – 11 ), higher economic status ( 9 ) and lower education ( 10 , 12 ). Specific health risk behaviors, such as smoking ( 13 ), low physical activity or sedentary behavior ( 12 , 14 – 16 ), non-alcohol use ( 17 ) and obesity ( 5 , 8 , 14 , 18 ) have shown to increase the risk of arthritis. Moreover, poor mental health ( 5 , 19 , 20 ), including sleep problems ( 19 ) and depressive symptoms ( 10 , 18 , 21 ), increased the odds of arthritis.…”

“…Specific health risk behaviors, such as smoking ( 13 ), low physical activity or sedentary behavior ( 12 , 14 – 16 ), non-alcohol use ( 17 ) and obesity ( 5 , 8 , 14 , 18 ) have shown to increase the risk of arthritis. Moreover, poor mental health ( 5 , 19 , 20 ), including sleep problems ( 19 ) and depressive symptoms ( 10 , 18 , 21 ), increased the odds of arthritis. Certain chronic conditions, such as hypertension ( 7 , 10 ), cardiovascular disease ( 7 , 22 ), kidney and chronic lung disease ( 7 ), and functional disability ( 10 , 11 , 19 ) were also found to be associated with arthritis.…”