Prevalence and Correlates of Overweight, Obesity and Physical Activity in Italian Children and Adolescents from Lombardy, Italy

Stival, Chiara; Lugo, Alessandra; Barone, Lavinia; Fattore, Giovanni; Odone, Anna; Salvatore, Silvia; Santoro, Eugenio; Scaglioni, Silvia; Brandt, Piet A. van den Van den; Gallus, Silvano

doi:10.3390/nu14112258

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…Another finding of our study was that the effects of screen time varied by age. This aligns with previous research that has indicated a significant association between recreational screen time, particularly TV viewing, and weight status among adolescents but not children [43,44]. Jakubec et al suggest that this variation could be explained by a decline in family influence on health behaviors during the developmental shift from childhood to adolescence, whereby adolescents are less restricted by parents and more prone to unhealthy weight gain due to excessive screen use [45].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Association between Types of Screen Time and Weight Status during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study in Children and Adolescents

et al. 2023

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Background: This study aimed to investigate the changes in distinct types of screen time and explore their longitudinal association with children and adolescents’ weight status. Methods: A two-wave longitudinal study was conducted among 2228 children and adolescents (6–19 years) in Shanghai, China, before and during the pandemic. Recreational screen time (watching TV/videos, online gaming, using social media, and browsing webpages), educational screen time (online homework and online class), and BMI were measured using a self-reported questionnaire. Mixed-effects models were constructed to assess the associations between screen time and weight status. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 20.5% and 10.2% at baseline, respectively. Both recreational and educational screen time increased significantly over two months. While recreational screen time was found to be a risk factor for obesity, it was not the case for educational screen use. Specifically, adolescents who spent more time watching TV/videos had a higher obesity risk (OR = 1.576). No significant associations were found in children. Conclusions: Overweight and obesity were prevalent among children and adolescents in China. Reducing screen-based activities is a promising strategy to prevent unhealthy weight gain in Chinese children and adolescents, while it is necessary to consider the content and distinguish between educational and recreational screen use.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Association between Types of Screen Time and Weight Status during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study in Children and Adolescents

et al. 2023

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“…In sports contexts, females and males are not encouraged in the same way due to sex-stereotyped beliefs [40]. This appears in sex disparities in sports participation: in Italy, scant physical activity was higher among females and older adolescents [41]. Morano et al [40] reported that 41% of girls and 59% of boys 11-19 years old practice sports.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Image Perception in High School Students: The Relationship with Gender, Weight Status, and Physical Activity

et al. 2023

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Body image perception includes body size assessment, body desirability estimation, and perceptions concerning one’s own body shape and size. Adolescence is a period of intense and prompt physical transformation, which changes the perception of one’s body. This represents a critical period for the development of body image. Therefore, the present cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate body image perception and investigate the relationships between it, weight status, sex, and physical activity in a sample of high school students living in Italy. General demographic information and details about physical activity were collected. Body image perception was measured with a body silhouette and two indexes were calculated: the FID (Feel minus Ideal Discrepancy) to evaluate the discrepancy between the perceived current figure and the ideal figure; and the FAI (Feel weight status minus Actual weight status Inconsistency) to observe improper perception of weight status. In addition, body shape concerns were evaluated with the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), in which participants reported the frequency of experiencing negative thoughts about their body shape in the last four weeks. Two hundred and four students were included in the study (155 = female, mean age = 17.13 ± 1.70; 49 = male, mean age = 17.25 ± 1.69). Females felt more concerned about body shape than males (χ2 = 11.347, p = 0.001). Distinctions emerged in terms of body mass index, the scores of Feel minus Ideal Discrepancy (FID), Feel weight status minus Actual weight status Inconsistency (FAI), the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), and of the silhouette mean comparisons due to sex, weight status, and PA interaction effects (p < 0.001). Additionally, 94% of the BSQ variability could be explained by sex, weight status, and PA. Although no direct effects were observed on body image perception, healthy habit promotion, such as physical activity, could positively affect adolescent lives.

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“…It was estimated by the World Obesity Federation that there would be 206 million obese children/adolescents in 2025, and 254 million in 2030 [2]. Out of 43 European countries, Italy ranks as the 11th among overweight/obesity children aged 13 years and 20th among subjects aged 15 years [3]. In the pediatric age, gender-specific body mass index (BMI)-for-age percentile curves are usually used for the diagnosis of both overweight and obesity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic and Oral Health Parameters in Eutrophic and Overweight/Obese Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study

Ferrillo

Calafiore

Lippi

et al. 2023

JPM

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To date, studies focusing on oral health in obese adolescents have provided controversial data. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate systemic and oral health parameters in eutrophic and overweight/obese adolescents. In total, 100 adolescents, mean aged 13.33 ± 2.04 years, were divided into two groups: 59 overweight/obese adolescents in the study group (SG) and 41 eutrophic-weight adolescents in the control group (CG). Chi-squared and Fisher exact tests were performed to compare dichotomous and categorical variables between the two groups. The subjects in the SG (mean aged 13.21 ± 2.21) reported a body mass index (BMI) of 29.05 ± 4.09 kg/m2, corresponding to over 95° percentile for both genders, and the subjects in the CG (mean aged 13.49 ± 1.77) reported a BMI of 18.26 ± 4.81 kg/m2, corresponding to 25° percentile for both genders. In the SG, the serum level of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D was significantly lower (p-value < 0.001), whereas fasting blood glucose (p = 0.006), waist circumference, and hip circumference were significantly higher (p-value < 0.001). Plaque Index (PI), Plaque Control Record (PCR), Oral Hygiene Index (OHI), Gingival Index (GI), and Gingival bleeding index (GBI) depicted a significantly worse level of oral health in the SG. Moreover, the number of subjects with caries was significantly higher in the SG. Nutritional and physical activity status according to the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for children and teenagers (KIDMED test) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-Adolescent) were reported to be significanlty better in the CG. In light of our results, obesity and poor oral health coexist in a cohort of adolescents. A screening of oral health status should be considered in obese subjects to focus resources on therapeutic interventions aiming at improving oral health.

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Prevalence and Correlates of Overweight, Obesity and Physical Activity in Italian Children and Adolescents from Lombardy, Italy

Cited by 6 publications

References 50 publications

Association between Types of Screen Time and Weight Status during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study in Children and Adolescents

Association between Types of Screen Time and Weight Status during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study in Children and Adolescents

Body Image Perception in High School Students: The Relationship with Gender, Weight Status, and Physical Activity

Systemic and Oral Health Parameters in Eutrophic and Overweight/Obese Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study

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