Prevalence and Correlates of Incarceration Among Trans Men, Nonbinary People, and Two-Spirit People in Canada

Where do incarcerated trans women prefer to be housed and why? Adding nuanced understandings to a complex debate through the voices of formerly incarcerated trans women in Australia and the United States

“…First, it is important to highlight that this study only explored adult trans women’s housing preferences and why, in Australia and the US, as no trans men or non-binary persons volunteered to take part in the study. Similar to Jenness’s call for more research on modalities for housing regarding trans persons (Jenness, 2021 ), the lack of research and data regarding the lived experiences of trans men and non-binary persons in carceral settings (Jacobsen et al., 2023 ) and more specifically their housing preferences, call for more research about their views on these matters. Similarly, majority of trans women sharing their housing preferences and why, had served their time in a male facility in the US; only four of the 24 participants were from Australia suggesting this is an area in need of further research to appreciate the nuances of this debate in Australia.…”

“…In light of these findings, it is important to highlight that much of the literature on gender diversity and carceral experiences focus on trans women, where further research is needed to better understand the challenges trans youth, trans men and non-binary persons experience of incarceration within and outside English speaking countries (Jacobsen et al., 2023 ; Watson et al., 2023 ), including what transformative visions they may have to those who do harm (Lamble, 2015 ). To end, considering the overrepresentation of incarcerated trans women within and outside Australia and the US, especially Black, indigenous, and people of color, (Clark et al., 2023 ; Lynch & Bartels, 2017 ; Reisner et al., 2014 ), investigating the relationships between trans and non-binary identity, age, ethnicity/race, level of education, employment status, housing situation, and geographic setting with carceral housing preferences and transformist visions, would further contribute to understanding the needs of incarcerated trans and non-binary persons and address any concerns regarding their overrepresentation in carceral settings.…”

Gender affirmation and mental health in prison: A critical review of current corrections policy for trans people in Australia and New Zealand

“…In NZ, 35 trans people were reportedly held in custody in 2020 (Leota, 2020). Little is known about incarceration rates of gender minority subgroups, such as non-binary people (Jacobsen et al., 2023). Research suggests the higher rate of incarceration of trans people is linked to abuse and rejection, housing instability, substance use problems, problems accessing healthcare, survival theft, survival sex work and bias within the police and justice systems (Clark et al., 2023; Sanders et al., 2023).…”