Prevalence and Correlates of HIV Infection Among Young Injection Drug Users in San Francisco

Shafer, Kimberly Page; Hahn, Judith A.; Lum, Paula J.; Ochoa, Kristen C.; Graves, Alison; Moss, Andrew R.

doi:10.1097/00126334-200212010-00009

Cited by 41 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In other places, like Vancouver [9] or Amsterdam [10], women continue to have a higher risk of infection. Furthermore, several studies carried out in the United States in recent years have shown that some sexual behaviours were the main determinants of the prevalence or incidence of infection among injectors, in both men and women [8,[11][12][13]. Practically all recent cohort studies with active periodic follow-up in young community-recruited drug users are being carried out in North America (the United States or Canada), whereas in Europe there has only been one study in Holland [10] and another in the United Kingdom [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of HIV infection among young adult injecting and non-injecting heroin users in Spain in the era of harm reduction programmes: gender differences and other related factors

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aims were to assess the prevalence of HIV infection among young adult heroin users, including injecting heroin users (IHUs) and non-injecting heroin users (NIHUs), and to explore the differences by gender and other factors. The design was a cross-sectional cohort study between April 2001 and December 2003, which included 961 current heroin users (HU), aged 18-30 years: 422 in Madrid, 351 in Barcelona and 188 in Seville; 621 were IHUs and 340 were NIHUs. All were street-recruited by chain referral methods. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using a structured questionnaire with computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI). Samples for HIV testing (dried blood spot) were collected and tested with ELISA and Western Blot. Bivariate, logistic regression, and classification and regression tree analyses were performed. The overall prevalence of HIV infection among IHUs was 25.8% (95% CI 22.3-29.3) [32.4% (95% CI 26.6-38.1) in Madrid, 20.5% (95% CI 15.6-25.4) in Barcelona, and 20.6% (95% CI 9.8-31.4) in Seville], whereas in NIHUs it was 4.0% (95% CI 2.1-6.7), with no differences among cities. The prevalence was significantly higher in women than in men in NIHUs (10.9%, 95% CI 4.3-17.5 vs. 1.7%, 95% CI 0.5-4.2) and was non-significantly higher in IHUs (30.4%, 95% CI 23.0-37.8 vs. 24.1%, 95% CI 20.1-28.1). HIV prevalence in short-term IHUs was 12.9% (CI 8.8-17.02), with no differences among cities. In the logistic analysis, the variables associated with infection in IHUs were ever having injected with used syringes (OR 3.4, 95% CI 2.2-5.3), ever having been in prison (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.6-4.0), and heroin as the first drug injected at least weekly (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1-4.5). Factors positively associated with HIV infection in NIHUs were female sex (OR 8.7, 95% CI 2.6-29.2) and age >25 years (OR 3.1, 95% CI 0.9-11.1), while primary educational level was inversely associated (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.1-0.9). Although there are important geographic differences, HIV prevalence in IHUs remains high, even in short-term IHUs, whereas it was almost six times lower in NIHUs. The prevalence in women is higher than in men, particularly among NIHUs. A wide range of preventive strategies should be developed, aimed primarily at empowering women to negotiate safe sex.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of HIV infection among young adult injecting and non-injecting heroin users in Spain in the era of harm reduction programmes: gender differences and other related factors

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…HCV prevalence can reach 30% to 60% within a few years of its first appearance in a population of injection drug users and achieve greater than 90% in a mature epidemic (24)(25)(26)(27)(28). In this study, there was no history of injection drug users in patients with anti-HCV (+) and anti-HCV (-).…”

Section: Issn: 1309-5102mentioning

confidence: 71%

Status of hepatitis C virus infection in lung cancer patients

Arslan

Taş²,

Akkurt³

2013

Basic Clin Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between HCV and lung cancer. Methods. The study included 60 patients who admitted department of chest diseases our hospital for diagnosis of lung cancer. These patients were performed the blood test for HCV before to invasive procedures. Results: Of 60 patients included in this study, 58 (96.7%) were male and 2 (3.3%) were female. There was a statistically no significant difference between patients with Anti-HCV (+) and Anti-HCV (-) for gender and age (p>0.05). We found that anti-HCV antibodies were positive in 3 of 60 (5%) patients with lung cancer. Histologic types of lung cancer were 38.0 % squamous cell cancer, 30.0 % adenocarcinoma, 10.0% undifferentiated, and 21.7% small cell lung cancer. There was a statistically non-significant difference between patients with anti-HCV (+) and anti-HCV (-) for histological type of lung cancer (p>0.05). Conclusions: The development of lung cancer is a multifactorial process, including the environment factors, smoking, certain occupations, and genetic factors. HCV positivity alone may not be sufficient evidence for cause lung cancer. Therefore, there is a need studies that have large numbers of patients with HCV infection and lung cancer patients for this association.

show abstract

“…Prevalence With 4.8%, the HIV prevalence among IDUs in Munich seems to be at approximately the same level as in San Francisco (5.3%) [13], but higher than in Copenhagen (3.4%) [17]. Not surprisingly, the prevalence is significantly higher than among the German overall population (0.05%) [48,49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A HIV seroprevalence as high as 74% among IDUs was reported for Haiphong, the third largest city in Vietnam [12]. Of 15 US cities, 10 reported HIV seroprevalence rates !8% (5.3%, e.g., in San Francisco, Calif., USA), and 5 reported seroprevalence rates of around 21% [13,14]. In large European cities, a wide range of seroprevalence rates has been reported: approximately 18.9% in Geneva, similar high rates in Vienna [15], 5% in Maastricht [16], and 3.4% in Copenhagen [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors and Predictors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection among Injection Drug Users

Backmund

Meyer²,

Henkel³

et al. 2005

Eur Addict Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background/Aim: Injection drug users (IDUs) have a high risk of acquiring an infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To improve counseling and prevention, a better understanding of risk factors and predictors for an infection must be gained. This retrospective study has the aim to determine the risk factors for acquisition of HIV infection other than sharing of needles/syringes. Methods: The study population consisted of all patients admitted to the detoxification unit between 1991 and 1996 who met ICD-10 criteria for opioid dependency, who reported to share needles, and who agreed to have an antibody test. Possible risk factors were assessed by interview. Cross tables based on bivariate logistic regression were constructed to estimate the relative odds. Multiple logistic regression modeling procedures were used to adjust possible confounding factors. Results: A total of 1,049 out of 1,656 patients admitted were included into the study. 4.8% of the patients were HIV-1 seropositive. The prevalence was higher among older patients and among patients living with a significant other substance drug user with substance dependency, after a longer duration of drug use, and after coinfection with hepatitis B virus and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV). Using multiple logistic regression analyses and including all individually significant risk factors, we found only coinfection with HCV to remain significant. 92% of the HIV-infected patients were also HCV infected. In the group younger than 23 years of age, a total of 53.5% of the IDUs were still seronegative for HIV, hepatitis A and B virus, and HCV. Conclusions: Despite the high rate of HCV coinfection (92%) in HIV-infected patients, we found more than 50% of IDUs younger than 23 years to be neither infected with HCV nor with HIV. Early prevention strategies against infectious diseases should especially focus on young IDUs.

show abstract

Prevalence and Correlates of HIV Infection Among Young Injection Drug Users in San Francisco

Cited by 41 publications

References 38 publications

Prevalence of HIV infection among young adult injecting and non-injecting heroin users in Spain in the era of harm reduction programmes: gender differences and other related factors

Prevalence of HIV infection among young adult injecting and non-injecting heroin users in Spain in the era of harm reduction programmes: gender differences and other related factors

Status of hepatitis C virus infection in lung cancer patients

Risk Factors and Predictors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection among Injection Drug Users

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About